Raptors: the real Velociraptor, claws, feathers and film mistakes, sentence 14

Most raptors could not fly, because their arms were too short; their feathered arms helped with balance, display and covering eggs, and feathers came before flight.

Who acts: Most raptors, arms, feathered arms, feathers · What happens: not fly, be, help, cover, come · To what, where: eggs, flight

This is a sentence of the lesson «Raptors: the real Velociraptor, claws, feathers and film mistakes» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Most raptors, arms, feathered arms, feathers), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Most	most	ADJ	Degree=Sup	2 raptors	amod
2	raptors	raptor	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 fly	nsubj
3	could	could	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	5 fly	aux
4	not	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	5 fly	advmod
5	fly	fly	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
6	,	,	PUNCT	_	12 short	punct
7	because	because	SCONJ	_	12 short	mark
8	their	their	PRON	Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	9 arms	nmod:poss
9	arms	arm	NOUN	Number=Plur	12 short	nsubj
10	were	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	12 short	cop
11	too	too	ADV	_	12 short	advmod
12	short	short	ADJ	Degree=Pos	5 fly	advcl
13	;	;	PUNCT	_	17 helped	punct
14	their	their	PRON	Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	16 arms	nmod:poss
15	feathered	feathered	ADJ	Degree=Pos	16 arms	amod
16	arms	arm	NOUN	Number=Plur	17 helped	nsubj
17	helped	help	VERB	Mood=Ind Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	12 short	conj
18	with	with	ADP	_	19 balance	case
19	balance	balance	NOUN	Number=Sing	17 helped	obl
20	,	,	PUNCT	_	21 display	punct
21	display	display	NOUN	Number=Sing	19 balance	conj
22	and	and	CCONJ	_	23 covering	cc
23	covering	cover	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	21 display	conj
24	eggs	egg	NOUN	Number=Plur	23 covering	obj
25	,	,	PUNCT	_	28 came	punct
26	and	and	CCONJ	_	28 came	cc
27	feathers	feather	NOUN	Number=Plur	28 came	nsubj
28	came	come	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	5 fly	conj
29	before	before	ADP	_	30 flight	case
30	flight	flight	NOUN	Number=Sing	28 came	obl
31	.	.	PUNCT	_	5 fly	punct

Pragmatics

No stored speech act for this sentence.

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	other	roles by
1	not fly	could	Most raptors				vn spatial_configuration-47.6-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
2	is	past	raptors's arms			short property	tree rules
3	help	past	raptors's feathered arms			with balance and display	vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent with balance=Theme
4	cover	gerund	raptors's feathered arms not said here	eggs			vn fill-9.8-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme egg=Destination
5	come	past	feathers		flight		vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme before flight=Location

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:268-raptors-the-real-velociraptor.lesson:14.

The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R7-rel-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the release 0.4.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/268-raptors-the-real-velociraptor/14/