Dolphins, porpoises and seals, sentence 5
Dolphins find things by echolocation: they send out fast clicks and listen to the echoes, and sound travels well through water even where it is too muddy to see far.
Who acts: Dolphins, things, sound, dolphin · What happens: find, send out, listen, travel, be, see · To what, where: things, fast clicks, water
This is a sentence of the lesson «Dolphins, porpoises and seals» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Dolphins, things, sound, dolphin), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Dolphins | dolphin | NOUN | Number=Plur | 2 find | nsubj |
| 2 | find | find | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 3 | things | thing | NOUN | Number=Plur | 2 find | obj |
| 4 | by | by | ADP | _ | 5 echolocation | case |
| 5 | echolocation | echolocation | NOUN | Number=Sing | 2 find | obl |
| 6 | : | : | PUNCT | _ | 8 send | punct |
| 7 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 8 send | nsubj |
| 8 | send | send | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 2 find | parataxis |
| 9 | out | out | ADP | _ | 8 send | compound:prt |
| 10 | fast | fast | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 11 clicks | amod |
| 11 | clicks | click | NOUN | Number=Plur | 8 send | obj |
| 12 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 13 listen | cc |
| 13 | listen | listen | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 8 send | conj |
| 14 | to | to | ADP | _ | 16 echoes | case |
| 15 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 16 echoes | det |
| 16 | echoes | echo | NOUN | Number=Plur | 13 listen | obl |
| 17 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 20 travels | punct |
| 18 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 20 travels | cc |
| 19 | sound | sound | NOUN | Number=Sing | 20 travels | nsubj |
| 20 | travels | travel | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 2 find | conj |
| 21 | well | well | ADV | Degree=Pos | 20 travels | advmod |
| 22 | through | through | ADP | _ | 23 water | case |
| 23 | water | water | NOUN | Number=Sing | 20 travels | obl |
| 24 | even | even | ADV | _ | 29 muddy | advmod |
| 25 | where | where | ADV | PronType=Rel | 29 muddy | advmod |
| 26 | it | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 29 muddy | nsubj |
| 27 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 29 muddy | cop |
| 28 | too | too | ADV | _ | 29 muddy | advmod |
| 29 | muddy | muddy | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 20 travels | advcl |
| 30 | to | to | PART | _ | 31 see | mark |
| 31 | see | see | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 29 muddy | advcl |
| 32 | far | far | ADV | Degree=Pos | 31 see | advmod |
| 33 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 2 find | punct |
Pragmatics
- form
- statement
- act
- assert
- voice
- narrator
- polarity
- none
- teacher
- kept the draft
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | find | present | Dolphins | things | by echolocation | vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent thing=Topic | |||
| 2 | send out | present | things = thing | fast clicks | vn confine-92-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent click=Theme | ||||
| 3 | listen | present | things = thing not said here | to the echoes | vn peer-30.3 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent to echo=Theme | ||||
| 4 | travel | present | sound | water | well property | vn run-51.3.2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme through water=Trajectory | |||
| 5 | is | present | dolphin | muddy property | tree rules | ||||
| 6 | see | to-infinitive | dolphin not said here | far property | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:027-dolphins-porpoises-and-seals.lesson:5.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/27-dolphins-porpoises-and-seals/5/