Megalodon and the giants of the sea, past and present, sentence 2
Sharks lose and replace teeth all their lives, thousands of them, so old teeth pile up on the sea floor, and that is why you can find a black fossil shark tooth on a beach.
Who acts: Sharks, old teeth, that, you · What happens: lose, replace, pile up, be, find · To what, where: teeth, sea floor, black shark tooth, beach
This is a sentence of the lesson «Megalodon and the giants of the sea, past and present» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Sharks, old teeth, that, you), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Sharks | shark | NOUN | Number=Plur | 2 lose | nsubj |
| 2 | lose | lose | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 3 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 4 replace | cc |
| 4 | replace | replace | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 2 lose | conj |
| 5 | teeth | tooth | NOUN | Number=Plur | 4 replace | obj |
| 6 | all | all | DET | PronType=Tot | 8 lives | det:predet |
| 7 | their | their | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 8 lives | nmod:poss |
| 8 | lives | life | NOUN | Number=Plur | 5 teeth | conj |
| 9 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 10 thousands | punct |
| 10 | thousands | thousand | NOUN | Number=Plur | 5 teeth | conj |
| 11 | of | of | ADP | _ | 12 them | case |
| 12 | them | they | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 10 thousands | nmod |
| 13 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 17 pile | punct |
| 14 | so | so | ADV | _ | 17 pile | advmod |
| 15 | old | old | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 16 teeth | amod |
| 16 | teeth | tooth | NOUN | Number=Plur | 17 pile | nsubj |
| 17 | pile | pile | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 2 lose | parataxis |
| 18 | up | up | ADP | _ | 17 pile | compound:prt |
| 19 | on | on | ADP | _ | 22 floor | case |
| 20 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 22 floor | det |
| 21 | sea | sea | NOUN | Number=Sing | 22 floor | compound |
| 22 | floor | floor | NOUN | Number=Sing | 17 pile | obl |
| 23 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 27 why | punct |
| 24 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 27 why | cc |
| 25 | that | that | PRON | Number=Sing PronType=Dem | 27 why | nsubj |
| 26 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 27 why | cop |
| 27 | why | why | ADV | PronType=Int | 30 find | advmod |
| 28 | you | you | PRON | Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs | 30 find | nsubj |
| 29 | can | can | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 30 find | aux |
| 30 | find | find | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 2 lose | advcl |
| 31 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 35 tooth | det |
| 32 | black | black | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 35 tooth | amod |
| 33 | fossil | fossil | NOUN | Number=Sing | 34 shark | compound |
| 34 | shark | shark | NOUN | Number=Sing | 35 tooth | compound |
| 35 | tooth | tooth | NOUN | Number=Sing | 30 find | obj |
| 36 | on | on | ADP | _ | 38 beach | case |
| 37 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 38 beach | det |
| 38 | beach | beach | NOUN | Number=Sing | 30 find | obl |
| 39 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 2 lose | punct |
Pragmatics
No stored speech act for this sentence.
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | lose | present | Sharks | vn succeed-74-3-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 2 | replace | present | Sharks not said here | teeth and teeth's lives and thousands of teeth | vn substitute-13.6.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme tooth=Co-Theme | ||||
| 3 | pile up | present | old teeth | the sea floor | vn spray-9.7-1-1 «NP V PP.destination»: agent=Theme on floor=Destination | ||||
| 4 | is | present | that | why property | tree rules | ||||
| 5 | find | can | you | a black shark tooth | a beach | vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent tooth=Topic |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:273-megalodon-and-the-giants-of-the-sea.lesson:2.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1, R8-pos-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/273-megalodon-and-the-giants-of-the-sea/2/