Fossils: how a living thing turns to stone and how we dig it up, sentence 11

Palaeontologists dig slowly, map where each bone lies, and wrap big bones in plaster jackets, like a cast on a broken arm, to carry them safely.

Who acts: Palaeontologists, bone · What happens: dig, map, lie, wrap, break, carry · To what, where: big bones, plaster jackets, palaeontologists

This is a sentence of the lesson «Fossils: how a living thing turns to stone and how we dig it up» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Palaeontologists, bone), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Palaeontologists	palaeontologist	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 dig	nsubj
2	dig	dig	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	slowly	slowly	ADV	_	2 dig	advmod
4	,	,	PUNCT	_	5 map	punct
5	map	map	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	2 dig	conj
6	where	where	ADV	PronType=Rel	9 lies	advmod
7	each	each	DET	PronType=Tot	8 bone	det
8	bone	bone	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 lies	nsubj
9	lies	lie	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	5 map	acl:relcl
10	,	,	PUNCT	_	12 wrap	punct
11	and	and	CCONJ	_	12 wrap	cc
12	wrap	wrap	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	2 dig	conj
13	big	big	ADJ	Degree=Pos	14 bones	amod
14	bones	bone	NOUN	Number=Plur	12 wrap	obj
15	in	in	ADP	_	17 jackets	case
16	plaster	plaster	NOUN	Number=Sing	17 jackets	compound
17	jackets	jacket	NOUN	Number=Plur	12 wrap	obl
18	,	,	PUNCT	_	21 cast	punct
19	like	like	ADP	_	21 cast	case
20	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	21 cast	det
21	cast	cast	NOUN	Number=Sing	17 jackets	appos
22	on	on	ADP	_	25 arm	case
23	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	25 arm	det
24	broken	break	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	25 arm	amod
25	arm	arm	NOUN	Number=Sing	21 cast	nmod
26	,	,	PUNCT	_	28 carry	punct
27	to	to	PART	_	28 carry	mark
28	carry	carry	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	12 wrap	advcl
29	them	they	PRON	Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	28 carry	obj
30	safely	safely	ADV	Degree=Pos	28 carry	advmod
31	.	.	PUNCT	_	2 dig	punct

Pragmatics

No stored speech act for this sentence.

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	other	roles by
1	dig	present	Palaeontologists			slowly property	vn create-26.4-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
2	map	present	Palaeontologists not said here				tree rules
3	lie	present	each bone				vn assuming_position-50 «NP V»: agent=Agent
4	wrap	present	Palaeontologists not said here	big bones	plaster jackets		vn spray-9.7-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent bone=Theme in jacket=Destination
5	break	participle					vn hurt-40.8.3-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Patient
6	carry	to-infinitive	Palaeontologists not said here	palaeontologists = palaeontologist		safely property	vn carry-11.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent they=Theme

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:275-fossils-how-a-living-thing-turns-to-stone-and-how-we-dig-it-up.lesson:11.

The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R3-conj-first ×1, R5-strong ×1, R6-punct-agree ×1, R8-pos-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the release 0.4.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/275-fossils-how-a-living-thing-turns-to-stone-and-how-we-dig-it-up/11/