Fossils: how a living thing turns to stone and how we dig it up, sentence 12

Cleaning one big skeleton out of hard rock can take years of patient work, because the rock can be harder than the bone itself.

Who acts: Cleaning, rock · What happens: clean, take, be · To what, where: one big skeleton, hard rock

This is a sentence of the lesson «Fossils: how a living thing turns to stone and how we dig it up» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Cleaning, rock), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Cleaning	clean	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	10 take	csubj
2	one	one	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	4 skeleton	nummod
3	big	big	ADJ	Degree=Pos	4 skeleton	amod
4	skeleton	skeleton	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Cleaning	obj
5	out	out	ADP	_	8 rock	case
6	of	of	ADP	_	8 rock	case
7	hard	hard	ADJ	Degree=Pos	8 rock	amod
8	rock	rock	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Cleaning	obl
9	can	can	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	10 take	aux
10	take	take	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
11	years	year	NOUN	Number=Plur	10 take	obj
12	of	of	ADP	_	14 work	case
13	patient	patient	ADJ	Degree=Pos	14 work	amod
14	work	work	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 years	nmod
15	,	,	PUNCT	_	21 harder	punct
16	because	because	SCONJ	_	21 harder	mark
17	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	18 rock	det
18	rock	rock	NOUN	Number=Sing	21 harder	nsubj
19	can	can	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	21 harder	aux
20	be	be	AUX	VerbForm=Inf	21 harder	cop
21	harder	hard	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	10 take	advcl
22	than	than	ADP	_	24 bone	case
23	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	24 bone	det
24	bone	bone	NOUN	Number=Sing	21 harder	obl
25	itself	itself	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Emp Reflex=Yes	24 bone	nmod:unmarked
26	.	.	PUNCT	_	10 take	punct

Pragmatics

No stored speech act for this sentence.

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	clean	gerund		one big skeleton	hard rock			vn clear-10.3 «NP V NP PP.source»: agent=Agent skeleton=Theme out rock=Source
2	take	can	Cleaning			year		vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent
3	is	can	the rock				than the bone bone; hard property	tree rules

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:275-fossils-how-a-living-thing-turns-to-stone-and-how-we-dig-it-up.lesson:12.

The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): no change. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the release 0.4.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/275-fossils-how-a-living-thing-turns-to-stone-and-how-we-dig-it-up/12/