Fossils: how a living thing turns to stone and how we dig it up, sentence 18
Lucy is a 3.2-million-year-old skeleton of a human relative found in Ethiopia in 1974; her hips and knees show she walked upright, and she was named after a Beatles song playing at the camp.
Who acts: Lucy, hips, Beatles song · What happens: be, find, show, walk, name, play · To what, where: old skeleton, human relative, Ethiopia, Lucy, camp · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of the lesson «Fossils: how a living thing turns to stone and how we dig it up» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Lucy, hips, Beatles song), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Lucy | Lucy | PROPN | Number=Sing | 11 skeleton | nsubj |
| 2 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 11 skeleton | cop |
| 3 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 11 skeleton | det |
| 4 | 3.2 | 3.2 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 6 million | compound |
| 5 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 4 3.2 | punct |
| 6 | million | million | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 8 year | nummod |
| 7 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 6 million | punct |
| 8 | year | year | NOUN | Number=Sing | 10 old | obl:unmarked |
| 9 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 8 year | punct |
| 10 | old | old | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 11 skeleton | amod |
| 11 | skeleton | skeleton | NOUN | Number=Sing | root | root |
| 12 | of | of | ADP | _ | 15 relative | case |
| 13 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 15 relative | det |
| 14 | human | human | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 15 relative | amod |
| 15 | relative | relative | NOUN | Number=Sing | 11 skeleton | nmod |
| 16 | found | find | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 15 relative | acl |
| 17 | in | in | ADP | _ | 18 Ethiopia | case |
| 18 | Ethiopia | Ethiopia | PROPN | Number=Sing | 16 found | obl |
| 19 | in | in | ADP | _ | 20 1974 | case |
| 20 | 1974 | 1974 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 16 found | obl |
| 21 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 23 hips | punct |
| 22 | her | her | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 23 hips | nmod:poss |
| 23 | hips | hip | NOUN | Number=Plur | 26 show | nsubj |
| 24 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 25 knees | cc |
| 25 | knees | knee | NOUN | Number=Plur | 23 hips | conj |
| 26 | show | show | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 11 skeleton | parataxis |
| 27 | she | she | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 28 walked | nsubj |
| 28 | walked | walk | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 26 show | ccomp |
| 29 | upright | upright | ADV | _ | 28 walked | advmod |
| 30 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 34 named | punct |
| 31 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 34 named | cc |
| 32 | she | she | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 34 named | nsubj:pass |
| 33 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 34 named | aux:pass |
| 34 | named | name | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 26 show | conj |
| 35 | after | after | ADP | _ | 38 song | case |
| 36 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 38 song | det |
| 37 | Beatles | Beatles | PROPN | Number=Plur | 38 song | compound |
| 38 | song | song | NOUN | Number=Sing | 34 named | obl |
| 39 | playing | play | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 38 song | acl |
| 40 | at | at | ADP | _ | 42 camp | case |
| 41 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 42 camp | det |
| 42 | camp | camp | NOUN | Number=Sing | 39 playing | obl |
| 43 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 11 skeleton | punct |
Pragmatics
No stored speech act for this sentence.
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is a | present | Lucy | a old skeleton | of a human relative | tree rules | |||
| 2 | find | participle | a human relative not said here | Ethiopia | in 1974 | vn declare-29.4-1-1 «NP V what S_INF»: agent=Agent | |||
| 3 | show | present | Lucy's hips and knees | vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V how S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | |||||
| 4 | walk | past | Lucy | upright property | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | ||||
| 5 | name | past · passive | Lucy | after a Beatles song | vn appoint-29.1 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme | ||||
| 6 | play | gerund | a Beatles song not said here | the camp | vn performance-26.7-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:275-fossils-how-a-living-thing-turns-to-stone-and-how-we-dig-it-up.lesson:18.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R7-rel-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/275-fossils-how-a-living-thing-turns-to-stone-and-how-we-dig-it-up/18/