How old is it? Rock layers, rock clocks, amber and the long story of life, sentence 0
Look at the stripes in a cliff: each stripe is a layer of mud, sand or ash that settled on top of the one before, like books piled on a desk, so the lowest layers are usually the oldest.
Who acts: you, stripe, sand, lowest layers · What happens: look, be, settle, pile · To what, where: layer, books, desk
This is a sentence of the lesson «How old is it? Rock layers, rock clocks, amber and the long story of life» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (you, stripe, sand, lowest layers), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Look | look | VERB | Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 2 | at | at | ADP | _ | 4 stripes | case |
| 3 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 4 stripes | det |
| 4 | stripes | stripe | NOUN | Number=Plur | 1 Look | obl |
| 5 | in | in | ADP | _ | 7 cliff | case |
| 6 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 7 cliff | det |
| 7 | cliff | cliff | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 stripes | nmod |
| 8 | : | : | PUNCT | _ | 13 layer | punct |
| 9 | each | each | DET | PronType=Tot | 10 stripe | det |
| 10 | stripe | stripe | NOUN | Number=Sing | 13 layer | nsubj |
| 11 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 13 layer | cop |
| 12 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 13 layer | det |
| 13 | layer | layer | NOUN | Number=Sing | 1 Look | parataxis |
| 14 | of | of | ADP | _ | 15 mud | case |
| 15 | mud | mud | NOUN | Number=Sing | 13 layer | nmod |
| 16 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 17 sand | punct |
| 17 | sand | sand | NOUN | Number=Sing | 15 mud | conj |
| 18 | or | or | CCONJ | _ | 19 ash | cc |
| 19 | ash | ash | NOUN | Number=Sing | 17 sand | conj |
| 20 | that | that | PRON | PronType=Rel | 21 settled | nsubj |
| 21 | settled | settle | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 17 sand | acl:relcl |
| 22 | on | on | ADP | _ | 23 top | case |
| 23 | top | top | NOUN | Number=Sing | 21 settled | obl |
| 24 | of | of | ADP | _ | 26 one | case |
| 25 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 26 one | det |
| 26 | one | one | NOUN | Number=Sing | 23 top | nmod |
| 27 | before | before | ADV | _ | 21 settled | advmod |
| 28 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 30 books | punct |
| 29 | like | like | ADP | _ | 30 books | case |
| 30 | books | book | NOUN | Number=Plur | 21 settled | obl |
| 31 | piled | pile | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 30 books | acl |
| 32 | on | on | ADP | _ | 34 desk | case |
| 33 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 34 desk | det |
| 34 | desk | desk | NOUN | Number=Sing | 31 piled | obl |
| 35 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 43 oldest | punct |
| 36 | so | so | ADV | _ | 43 oldest | advmod |
| 37 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 39 layers | det |
| 38 | lowest | low | ADJ | Degree=Sup | 39 layers | amod |
| 39 | layers | layer | NOUN | Number=Plur | 43 oldest | nsubj |
| 40 | are | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 43 oldest | cop |
| 41 | usually | usually | ADV | _ | 43 oldest | advmod |
| 42 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 43 oldest | det |
| 43 | oldest | old | ADJ | Degree=Sup | 1 Look | parataxis |
| 44 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 1 Look | punct |
Pragmatics
- form
- command
- act
- request
- voice
- narrator
- polarity
- none
- teacher
- kept the draft
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | look | imperative | you not said here | at the stripes in a cliff | vn peer-30.3 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent at stripe=Theme | ||||
| 2 | is a | present | each stripe | a layer | of mud and sand or ash | tree rules | |||
| 3 | settle | past | sand or ash | like books; on top of the one; before property | vn correspond-36.1 «NP V PP.theme S»: agent=Agent on top=Topic | ||||
| 4 | pile | participle | books not said here | a desk | vn spray-9.7-1-1 «NP V PP.destination»: agent=Theme on desk=Destination | ||||
| 5 | is | present | the lowest layers | old, usually property | tree rules |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:276-how-old-is-it-rock-layers-rock-clocks-amber-and-the-long-story-of-life.lesson:0.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×2. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/276-how-old-is-it-rock-layers-rock-clocks-amber-and-the-long-story-of-life/0/