How old is it? Rock layers, rock clocks, amber and the long story of life, sentence 6

Carbon dating works only for things that lived up to about 50,000 years ago, such as mammoths and old bones; dinosaurs are far too old for it, so other rock clocks are used.

Who acts: Carbon dating, things, dinosaurs · What happens: work, live up, be, use · To what, where: other rock clocks

This is a sentence of the lesson «How old is it? Rock layers, rock clocks, amber and the long story of life» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Carbon dating, things, dinosaurs), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Carbon	carbon	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 dating	compound
2	dating	dating	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 works	nsubj
3	works	work	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	only	only	ADV	_	6 things	advmod
5	for	for	ADP	_	6 things	case
6	things	thing	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 works	obl
7	that	that	PRON	PronType=Rel	8 lived	nsubj
8	lived	live	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	6 things	acl:relcl
9	up	up	ADP	_	8 lived	compound:prt
10	to	to	ADP	_	13 years	case
11	about	about	ADV	_	12 50,000	advmod
12	50,000	50000	NUM	NumForm=Digit NumType=Card	13 years	nummod
13	years	year	NOUN	Number=Plur	14 ago	obl:unmarked
14	ago	ago	ADV	_	8 lived	advmod
15	,	,	PUNCT	_	18 mammoths	punct
16	such	such	ADJ	Degree=Pos ExtPos=ADP	18 mammoths	case
17	as	as	ADP	_	16 such	fixed
18	mammoths	mammoth	NOUN	Number=Plur	6 things	conj
19	and	and	CCONJ	_	21 bones	cc
20	old	old	ADJ	Degree=Pos	21 bones	amod
21	bones	bone	NOUN	Number=Plur	18 mammoths	conj
22	;	;	PUNCT	_	27 old	punct
23	dinosaurs	dinosaur	NOUN	Number=Plur	27 old	nsubj
24	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	27 old	cop
25	far	far	ADV	Degree=Pos	26 too	advmod
26	too	too	ADV	_	27 old	advmod
27	old	old	ADJ	Degree=Pos	3 works	parataxis
28	for	for	ADP	_	29 it	case
29	it	it	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	27 old	obl
30	,	,	PUNCT	_	36 used	punct
31	so	so	ADV	_	36 used	advmod
32	other	other	ADJ	Degree=Pos	34 clocks	amod
33	rock	rock	NOUN	Number=Sing	34 clocks	compound
34	clocks	clock	NOUN	Number=Plur	36 used	nsubj:pass
35	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	36 used	aux:pass
36	used	use	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	27 old	parataxis
37	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 works	punct

Pragmatics

form: statement
act: assert
voice: narrator
polarity: none
teacher: kept the draft

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	work	present	Carbon dating		for things and mammoths and old bones	vn employment-95.3 «NP V PP.beneficiary»: agent=Agent for thing=Beneficiary
2	live up	past	things and mammoths and old bones		ago property	vn exist-47.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
3	is	present	dinosaurs		for dating; old property	tree rules
4	use	present · passive		other rock clocks		vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:276-how-old-is-it-rock-layers-rock-clocks-amber-and-the-long-story-of-life.lesson:6.

The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the release 0.4.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/276-how-old-is-it-rock-layers-rock-clocks-amber-and-the-long-story-of-life/6/