DNA simply: the recipe in every cell, sentence 13
Changes in DNA are called mutations; they happen when cells copy DNA with small mistakes, and most do nothing, some are harmful and a few are useful.
Who acts: Changes, cells, most, some, few · What happens: call, happen, copy, do, be · To what, where: Changes, DNA, nothing · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of the lesson «DNA simply: the recipe in every cell» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Changes, cells, most, some), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Changes | change | NOUN | Number=Plur | 5 called | nsubj:pass |
| 2 | in | in | ADP | _ | 3 DNA | case |
| 3 | DNA | DNA | NOUN | Number=Sing | 1 Changes | nmod |
| 4 | are | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 5 called | aux:pass |
| 5 | called | call | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | root | root |
| 6 | mutations | mutation | NOUN | Number=Plur | 5 called | xcomp |
| 7 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 9 happen | punct |
| 8 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 9 happen | nsubj |
| 9 | happen | happen | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 5 called | parataxis |
| 10 | when | when | ADV | PronType=Int | 12 copy | advmod |
| 11 | cells | cell | NOUN | Number=Plur | 12 copy | nsubj |
| 12 | copy | copy | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 9 happen | advcl |
| 13 | DNA | DNA | NOUN | Number=Sing | 12 copy | obj |
| 14 | with | with | ADP | _ | 16 mistakes | case |
| 15 | small | small | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 16 mistakes | amod |
| 16 | mistakes | mistake | NOUN | Number=Plur | 12 copy | obl |
| 17 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 20 do | punct |
| 18 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 20 do | cc |
| 19 | most | most | ADJ | Degree=Sup | 20 do | nsubj |
| 20 | do | do | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 5 called | conj |
| 21 | nothing | nothing | PRON | Number=Sing PronType=Neg | 20 do | obj |
| 22 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 25 harmful | punct |
| 23 | some | some | DET | PronType=Ind | 25 harmful | nsubj |
| 24 | are | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 25 harmful | cop |
| 25 | harmful | harmful | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 5 called | conj |
| 26 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 30 useful | cc |
| 27 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 28 few | det |
| 28 | few | few | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 30 useful | nsubj |
| 29 | are | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 30 useful | cop |
| 30 | useful | useful | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 5 called | conj |
| 31 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 5 called | punct |
Pragmatics
- form
- statement
- act
- assert
- voice
- narrator
- polarity
- none
- teacher
- kept the draft
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | call speech: assert | present · passive | Changes in DNA | vn initiate_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: subject=Recipient | |||||
| 2 | happen | present | Changes = change | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | |||||
| 3 | copy | present | cells | DNA | with small mistakes | vn scribble-25.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent dna=Theme | |||
| 4 | do | present | most | nothing | vn act-114-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent nothing=Eventuality | ||||
| 5 | is | present | some | harmful property | tree rules | ||||
| 6 | is | present | a few | useful property | tree rules |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:277-dna-simply-the-recipe-in-every-cell.lesson:13.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R7-rel-agree ×1, R8-pos-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/277-dna-simply-the-recipe-in-every-cell/13/