DNA simply: the recipe in every cell, sentence 12

Neanderthals were close human relatives who died out long ago; scientists have read DNA from Neanderthal bones tens of thousands of years old and found that many people today carry a small part of Neanderthal DNA; Svante Pääbo won a Nobel Prize for this in 2022.

Who acts: Neanderthals, close human relatives, scientists, many people, Svante · What happens: be, die out, read, find, carry, win · To what, where: close human relatives, DNA, Neanderthal bones tens, small part, Nobel Prize, 2022 · Speech: someone speaks here

This is a sentence of the lesson «DNA simply: the recipe in every cell» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Neanderthals, close human relatives, scientists, many people), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Neanderthals	neanderthal	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 relatives	nsubj
2	were	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	5 relatives	cop
3	close	close	ADJ	Degree=Pos	5 relatives	amod
4	human	human	ADJ	Degree=Pos	5 relatives	amod
5	relatives	relative	NOUN	Number=Plur	14 read	parataxis
6	who	who	PRON	PronType=Rel	7 died	nsubj
7	died	die	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	5 relatives	acl:relcl
8	out	out	ADV	_	7 died	advmod
9	long	long	ADV	Degree=Pos	10 ago	advmod
10	ago	ago	ADV	_	7 died	advmod
11	;	;	PUNCT	_	12 scientists	punct
12	scientists	scientist	NOUN	Number=Plur	14 read	nsubj
13	have	have	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	14 read	aux
14	read	read	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part	root	root
15	DNA	DNA	NOUN	Number=Sing	14 read	obj
16	from	from	ADP	_	19 tens	case
17	Neanderthal	Neanderthal	PROPN	Number=Sing	19 tens	compound
18	bones	bone	NOUN	Number=Plur	19 tens	compound
19	tens	ten	NOUN	Number=Plur	14 read	obl
20	of	of	ADP	_	21 thousands	case
21	thousands	thousand	NOUN	Number=Plur	19 tens	nmod
22	of	of	ADP	_	23 years	case
23	years	year	NOUN	Number=Plur	21 thousands	nmod
24	old	old	ADJ	Degree=Pos	23 years	amod
25	and	and	CCONJ	_	26 found	cc
26	found	find	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	14 read	conj
27	that	that	SCONJ	_	31 carry	mark
28	many	many	ADJ	Degree=Pos	29 people	amod
29	people	people	NOUN	Number=Plur	31 carry	nsubj
30	today	today	NOUN	Number=Sing	31 carry	obl:unmarked
31	carry	carry	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	26 found	ccomp
32	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	34 part	det
33	small	small	ADJ	Degree=Pos	34 part	amod
34	part	part	NOUN	Number=Sing	31 carry	obj
35	of	of	ADP	_	37 DNA	case
36	Neanderthal	Neanderthal	PROPN	Number=Sing	37 DNA	compound
37	DNA	DNA	NOUN	Number=Sing	34 part	nmod
38	;	;	PUNCT	_	41 won	punct
39	Svante	Svante	PROPN	Number=Sing	41 won	nsubj
40	Pääbo	Pääbo	PROPN	Number=Sing	39 Svante	flat
41	won	win	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	14 read	parataxis
42	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	44 Prize	det
43	Nobel	Nobel	PROPN	Number=Sing	44 Prize	compound
44	Prize	Prize	PROPN	Number=Sing	41 won	obj
45	for	for	ADP	_	46 this	case
46	this	this	PRON	Number=Sing PronType=Dem	41 won	obl
47	in	in	ADP	_	48 2022	case
48	2022	2022	NUM	NumForm=Digit NumType=Card	41 won	obl
49	.	.	PUNCT	_	5 relatives	punct

Pragmatics

No stored speech act for this sentence.

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is a	past	Neanderthals	close human relatives				tree rules
2	die out	past	close human relatives				ago, out property	vn calibratable_cos-45.6.1 «NP.attribute V»: agent=Attribute
3	read	present · perfect	scientists	DNA	Neanderthal bones tens of thousands of years			vn learn-14-2-1 «NP V NP PP.source»: agent=Agent dna=Topic from ten=Source
4	find	past	scientists not said here					vn declare-29.4-1-1 «NP V what S_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Theme
5	carry	present	many people	a small part of Neanderthal DNA		today		vn carry-11.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent part=Theme
6	win	past	Svante	a Nobel Prize	2022		for this	vn get-13.5.1 «NP V NP PP.beneficiary»: agent=Agent prize=Theme for this=Beneficiary

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:277-dna-simply-the-recipe-in-every-cell.lesson:12.

The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R6-punct-agree ×1, R8-pos-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the release 0.4.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/277-dna-simply-the-recipe-in-every-cell/12/