Evolution: why giraffes really have long necks, sentence 10
Charles Darwin sailed round the world on HMS Beagle from 1831 to 1836 and noticed animals on islands; he collected evidence for about 20 years before publishing On the Origin of Species in 1859.
Who acts: Charles · What happens: sail, notice, collect, publish · To what, where: HMS Beagle, animals, islands, evidence, Origin
This is a sentence of the lesson «Evolution: why giraffes really have long necks» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Charles), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Charles | Charles | PROPN | Number=Sing | 3 sailed | nsubj |
| 2 | Darwin | Darwin | PROPN | Number=Sing | 1 Charles | flat |
| 3 | sailed | sail | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 4 | round | round | ADP | _ | 6 world | case |
| 5 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 6 world | det |
| 6 | world | world | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 sailed | obl |
| 7 | on | on | ADP | _ | 9 Beagle | case |
| 8 | HMS | HMS | PROPN | Number=Sing | 9 Beagle | compound |
| 9 | Beagle | Beagle | PROPN | Number=Sing | 3 sailed | obl |
| 10 | from | from | ADP | _ | 11 1831 | case |
| 11 | 1831 | 1831 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 3 sailed | obl |
| 12 | to | to | ADP | _ | 13 1836 | case |
| 13 | 1836 | 1836 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 11 1831 | nmod |
| 14 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 15 noticed | cc |
| 15 | noticed | notice | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 3 sailed | conj |
| 16 | animals | animal | NOUN | Number=Plur | 15 noticed | obj |
| 17 | on | on | ADP | _ | 18 islands | case |
| 18 | islands | island | NOUN | Number=Plur | 15 noticed | obl |
| 19 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 21 collected | punct |
| 20 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 21 collected | nsubj |
| 21 | collected | collect | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 3 sailed | parataxis |
| 22 | evidence | evidence | NOUN | Number=Sing | 21 collected | obj |
| 23 | for | for | ADP | _ | 26 years | case |
| 24 | about | about | ADV | _ | 25 20 | advmod |
| 25 | 20 | 20 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 26 years | nummod |
| 26 | years | year | NOUN | Number=Plur | 21 collected | obl |
| 27 | before | before | SCONJ | _ | 28 publishing | mark |
| 28 | publishing | publish | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 21 collected | advcl |
| 29 | On | on | ADP | _ | 31 Origin | case |
| 30 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 31 Origin | det |
| 31 | Origin | origin | PROPN | Number=Sing | 28 publishing | obl |
| 32 | of | of | ADP | _ | 33 Species | case |
| 33 | Species | species | PROPN | Number=Plur | 31 Origin | nmod |
| 34 | in | in | ADP | _ | 35 1859 | case |
| 35 | 1859 | 1859 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 28 publishing | obl |
| 36 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 sailed | punct |
Pragmatics
No stored speech act for this sentence.
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | sail | past | Charles | HMS Beagle | round the world; from 1831 to 1836 | vn nonvehicle-51.4.2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent round world=Trajectory | |||
| 2 | notice | past | Charles not said here | animals | islands | vn see-30.1-1 «NP V S»: agent=Experiencer animal=Stimulus | |||
| 3 | collect | past | Charles | evidence | year | vn obtain-13.5.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent evidence=Theme | |||
| 4 | publish | gerund | Charles not said here | the Origin of Species | in 1859 | vn create-26.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:278-evolution-why-giraffes-really-have-long-necks.lesson:10.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R1-cc-next ×1, R5-strong ×2, R7-rel-agree ×1, R8-pos-agree ×2. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/278-evolution-why-giraffes-really-have-long-necks/10/