Evolution: why giraffes really have long necks, sentence 9
The okapi, with a shorter neck and stripy legs, is the giraffe's closest living cousin; it lives in thick forest, where a short neck suits its way of life, and fossils show giraffe relatives with shorter necks.
Who acts: closest cousin, okapi, short neck, fossils · What happens: live, be, suit, show · To what, where: closest cousin, thick forest, way, giraffe relatives
This is a sentence of the lesson «Evolution: why giraffes really have long necks» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (closest cousin, okapi, short neck, fossils), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 2 okapi | det |
| 2 | okapi | okapi | NOUN | Number=Sing | 16 closest | nsubj |
| 3 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 2 okapi | punct |
| 4 | with | with | ADP | _ | 7 neck | case |
| 5 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 7 neck | det |
| 6 | shorter | short | ADJ | Degree=Cmp | 7 neck | amod |
| 7 | neck | neck | NOUN | Number=Sing | 2 okapi | appos |
| 8 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 10 legs | cc |
| 9 | stripy | stripy | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 10 legs | amod |
| 10 | legs | leg | NOUN | Number=Plur | 7 neck | conj |
| 11 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 2 okapi | punct |
| 12 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 18 cousin | cop |
| 13 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 14 giraffe | det |
| 14 | giraffe | giraffe | NOUN | Number=Sing | 18 cousin | nmod:poss |
| 15 | 's | 's | PART | _ | 14 giraffe | case |
| 16 | closest | close | ADJ | Degree=Sup | 18 cousin | amod |
| 17 | living | live | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 18 cousin | acl |
| 18 | cousin | cousin | NOUN | Number=Sing | root | root |
| 19 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 21 lives | punct |
| 20 | it | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 21 lives | nsubj |
| 21 | lives | live | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 18 cousin | parataxis |
| 22 | in | in | ADP | _ | 24 forest | case |
| 23 | thick | thick | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 24 forest | amod |
| 24 | forest | forest | NOUN | Number=Sing | 21 lives | obl |
| 25 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 30 suits | punct |
| 26 | where | where | ADV | PronType=Rel | 30 suits | advmod |
| 27 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 29 neck | det |
| 28 | short | short | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 29 neck | amod |
| 29 | neck | neck | NOUN | Number=Sing | 30 suits | nsubj |
| 30 | suits | suit | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 24 forest | acl:relcl |
| 31 | its | its | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 32 way | nmod:poss |
| 32 | way | way | NOUN | Number=Sing | 30 suits | obj |
| 33 | of | of | ADP | _ | 34 life | case |
| 34 | life | life | NOUN | Number=Sing | 32 way | nmod |
| 35 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 38 show | punct |
| 36 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 38 show | cc |
| 37 | fossils | fossil | NOUN | Number=Plur | 38 show | nsubj |
| 38 | show | show | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 21 lives | parataxis |
| 39 | giraffe | giraffe | NOUN | Number=Sing | 40 relatives | compound |
| 40 | relatives | relative | NOUN | Number=Plur | 38 show | obj |
| 41 | with | with | ADP | _ | 43 necks | case |
| 42 | shorter | short | ADJ | Degree=Cmp | 43 necks | amod |
| 43 | necks | neck | NOUN | Number=Plur | 40 relatives | nmod |
| 44 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 18 cousin | punct |
Pragmatics
- form
- statement
- act
- assert
- voice
- narrator
- polarity
- none
- teacher
- kept the draft
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | live | gerund | the giraffe's closest cousin not said here | vn exist-47.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | |||||
| 2 | is a | present | the giraffe's closest cousin | tree rules | |||||
| 3 | live | present | okapi | thick forest | vn lodge-46 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in forest=Location | ||||
| 4 | suit | present | a short neck | okapi's way of life | tree rules | ||||
| 5 | show | present | fossils | giraffe relatives | with shorter necks | vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent relative=Recipient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:278-evolution-why-giraffes-really-have-long-necks.lesson:9.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×2, R6-punct-agree ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/278-evolution-why-giraffes-really-have-long-necks/9/