Natural selection we can watch: moths, finches, germs and tuskless elephants, sentence 10

After strong hurricanes in the Caribbean, scientists who had measured lizards just before by chance found that survivors had bigger toe pads that grip better, and the next generation had bigger toe pads too.

Who acts: scientists, survivors, bigger toe pads, next generation · What happens: measure, find, have, grip · To what, where: lizards, bigger toe pads · Speech: someone speaks here

This is a sentence of the lesson «Natural selection we can watch: moths, finches, germs and tuskless elephants» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (scientists, survivors, bigger toe pads, next generation), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	After	after	ADP	_	3 hurricanes	case
2	strong	strong	ADJ	Degree=Pos	3 hurricanes	amod
3	hurricanes	hurricane	NOUN	Number=Plur	17 found	obl
4	in	in	ADP	_	6 Caribbean	case
5	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	6 Caribbean	det
6	Caribbean	Caribbean	PROPN	Number=Sing	3 hurricanes	nmod
7	,	,	PUNCT	_	17 found	punct
8	scientists	scientist	NOUN	Number=Plur	17 found	nsubj
9	who	who	PRON	PronType=Rel	11 measured	nsubj
10	had	have	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	11 measured	aux
11	measured	measure	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part	8 scientists	acl:relcl
12	lizards	lizard	NOUN	Number=Plur	11 measured	obj
13	just	just	ADV	_	14 before	advmod
14	before	before	ADV	_	11 measured	advmod
15	by	by	ADP	_	16 chance	case
16	chance	chance	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 measured	obl
17	found	find	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
18	that	that	SCONJ	_	20 had	mark
19	survivors	survivor	NOUN	Number=Plur	20 had	nsubj
20	had	have	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	17 found	ccomp
21	bigger	big	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	23 pads	amod
22	toe	toe	NOUN	Number=Sing	23 pads	compound
23	pads	pad	NOUN	Number=Plur	20 had	obj
24	that	that	PRON	PronType=Rel	25 grip	nsubj
25	grip	grip	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	23 pads	acl:relcl
26	better	well	ADV	Degree=Cmp	25 grip	advmod
27	,	,	PUNCT	_	32 had	punct
28	and	and	CCONJ	_	32 had	cc
29	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	31 generation	det
30	next	next	ADJ	Degree=Pos	31 generation	amod
31	generation	generation	NOUN	Number=Sing	32 had	nsubj
32	had	have	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	17 found	conj
33	bigger	big	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	35 pads	amod
34	toe	toe	NOUN	Number=Sing	35 pads	compound
35	pads	pad	NOUN	Number=Plur	32 had	obj
36	too	too	ADV	_	32 had	advmod
37	.	.	PUNCT	_	17 found	punct

Pragmatics

form: statement
act: narrate
voice: narrator
polarity: none
teacher: changed act=narrate

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	when	other	roles by
1	measure	past · perfect	scientists	lizards		by chance; before property	vn register-54.1-2-1 «NP V NP.value»: agent=Theme lizard=Value
2	find	past	scientists		after strong hurricanes in the Caribbean		vn declare-29.4-1-1 «NP V what S_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Theme
3	have	past	survivors	bigger toe pads			vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent pad=Patient
4	grip	present	bigger toe pads			well property	vn touch-20-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent
5	have	past	the next generation	bigger toe pads			vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent pad=Patient

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:279-natural-selection-we-can-watch-moths-finches-germs-and-tuskless-elephants.lesson:10.

The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): no change. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the release 0.4.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/279-natural-selection-we-can-watch-moths-finches-germs-and-tuskless-elephants/10/