Natural selection we can watch: moths, finches, germs and tuskless elephants, sentence 11

City animals often become bolder than country ones, because bold ones get more food near people; some city birds even sing at a higher pitch to be heard over traffic.

Who acts: City animals, bold ones, city birds · What happens: become, get, sing, hear · To what, where: more food, higher pitch, traffic

This is a sentence of the lesson «Natural selection we can watch: moths, finches, germs and tuskless elephants» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (City animals, bold ones, city birds), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	City	city	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 animals	compound
2	animals	animal	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 become	nsubj
3	often	often	ADV	_	4 become	advmod
4	become	become	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
5	bolder	bold	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	4 become	xcomp
6	than	than	ADP	_	8 ones	case
7	country	country	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 ones	compound
8	ones	one	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 bolder	obl
9	,	,	PUNCT	_	13 get	punct
10	because	because	SCONJ	_	13 get	mark
11	bold	bold	ADJ	Degree=Pos	12 ones	amod
12	ones	one	NOUN	Number=Plur	13 get	nsubj
13	get	get	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 become	advcl
14	more	more	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	15 food	amod
15	food	food	NOUN	Number=Sing	13 get	obj
16	near	near	ADP	_	17 people	case
17	people	people	NOUN	Number=Plur	13 get	obl
18	;	;	PUNCT	_	23 sing	punct
19	some	some	DET	PronType=Ind	21 birds	det
20	city	city	NOUN	Number=Sing	21 birds	compound
21	birds	bird	NOUN	Number=Plur	23 sing	nsubj
22	even	even	ADV	_	23 sing	advmod
23	sing	sing	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 become	parataxis
24	at	at	ADP	_	27 pitch	case
25	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	27 pitch	det
26	higher	high	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	27 pitch	amod
27	pitch	pitch	NOUN	Number=Sing	23 sing	obl
28	to	to	PART	_	30 heard	mark
29	be	be	AUX	VerbForm=Inf	30 heard	aux:pass
30	heard	hear	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	23 sing	advcl
31	over	over	ADP	_	32 traffic	case
32	traffic	traffic	NOUN	Number=Sing	30 heard	obl
33	.	.	PUNCT	_	4 become	punct

Pragmatics

No stored speech act for this sentence.

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	other	roles by
1	become	present	City animals			bold, often property	vn become-109.1-1-1 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Patient
2	get	present	bold ones	more food		near people	vn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer food=Stimulus
3	sing speech: express	present	some city birds		a higher pitch		vn sound_emission-43.2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme at pitch=Location
4	hear	to-infinitive · passive	some city birds not said here		traffic		vn see-30.1-1-1 «NP V PP.stimulus»

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:279-natural-selection-we-can-watch-moths-finches-germs-and-tuskless-elephants.lesson:11.

The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×2. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the release 0.4.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/279-natural-selection-we-can-watch-moths-finches-germs-and-tuskless-elephants/11/