Natural selection we can watch: moths, finches, germs and tuskless elephants, sentence 12

In Mozambique during a long war, poachers killed elephants with tusks; tuskless females survived more often, and within a few decades many more elephants were born without tusks.

Who acts: poachers, tuskless females · What happens: kill, survive, bear · To what, where: elephants, Mozambique, many more elephants

This is a sentence of the lesson «Natural selection we can watch: moths, finches, germs and tuskless elephants» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (poachers, tuskless females), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	In	in	ADP	_	2 Mozambique	case
2	Mozambique	Mozambique	PROPN	Number=Sing	9 killed	obl
3	during	during	ADP	_	6 war	case
4	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	6 war	det
5	long	long	ADJ	Degree=Pos	6 war	amod
6	war	war	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 killed	obl
7	,	,	PUNCT	_	2 Mozambique	punct
8	poachers	poacher	NOUN	Number=Plur	9 killed	nsubj
9	killed	kill	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
10	elephants	elephant	NOUN	Number=Plur	9 killed	obj
11	with	with	ADP	_	12 tusks	case
12	tusks	tusk	NOUN	Number=Plur	9 killed	obl
13	;	;	PUNCT	_	15 females	punct
14	tuskless	tuskless	ADJ	Degree=Pos	15 females	amod
15	females	female	NOUN	Number=Plur	16 survived	nsubj
16	survived	survive	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	9 killed	parataxis
17	more	more	ADV	Degree=Cmp	18 often	advmod
18	often	often	ADV	_	16 survived	advmod
19	,	,	PUNCT	_	29 born	punct
20	and	and	CCONJ	_	29 born	cc
21	within	within	ADP	_	24 decades	case
22	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	24 decades	det
23	few	few	ADJ	Degree=Pos	24 decades	amod
24	decades	decade	NOUN	Number=Plur	29 born	obl
25	many	many	ADJ	Degree=Pos	27 elephants	amod
26	more	more	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	27 elephants	amod
27	elephants	elephant	NOUN	Number=Plur	29 born	nsubj:pass
28	were	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	29 born	aux:pass
29	born	bear	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	16 survived	conj
30	without	without	ADP	_	31 tusks	case
31	tusks	tusk	NOUN	Number=Plur	29 born	obl
32	.	.	PUNCT	_	9 killed	punct

Pragmatics

No stored speech act for this sentence.

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	kill	past	poachers	elephants	Mozambique	during a long war	with tusks	vn murder-42.1-1 «NP V NP PP.instrument»: agent=Agent elephant=Patient with tusk=Instrument
2	survive	past	tuskless females				often property	vn exist-47.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
3	bear	past · passive		many more elephants		decade	without tusks	vn birth-28.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:279-natural-selection-we-can-watch-moths-finches-germs-and-tuskless-elephants.lesson:12.

The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R8-pos-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the release 0.4.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/279-natural-selection-we-can-watch-moths-finches-germs-and-tuskless-elephants/12/