Natural selection we can watch: moths, finches, germs and tuskless elephants, sentence 13
Dogs come from wolves, and people chose which dogs had puppies and over many generations made the breeds; this is artificial selection, Darwin's favourite example along with pigeons.
Who acts: Dogs, people, this, Darwin · What happens: come, choose, have, make, be, exemplify · To what, where: wolves, puppies, many generations, artificial selection
This is a sentence of the lesson «Natural selection we can watch: moths, finches, germs and tuskless elephants» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Dogs, people, this, Darwin), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Dogs | dog | NOUN | Number=Plur | 2 come | nsubj |
| 2 | come | come | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 3 | from | from | ADP | _ | 4 wolves | case |
| 4 | wolves | wolf | NOUN | Number=Plur | 2 come | obl |
| 5 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 8 chose | punct |
| 6 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 8 chose | cc |
| 7 | people | people | NOUN | Number=Plur | 8 chose | nsubj |
| 8 | chose | choose | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 2 come | conj |
| 9 | which | which | DET | PronType=Rel | 10 dogs | det |
| 10 | dogs | dog | NOUN | Number=Plur | 11 had | nsubj |
| 11 | had | have | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 8 chose | ccomp |
| 12 | puppies | puppy | NOUN | Number=Plur | 11 had | obj |
| 13 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 17 made | cc |
| 14 | over | over | ADV | _ | 15 many | advmod |
| 15 | many | many | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 16 generations | amod |
| 16 | generations | generation | NOUN | Number=Plur | 17 made | obl:unmarked |
| 17 | made | make | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 8 chose | conj |
| 18 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 19 breeds | det |
| 19 | breeds | breed | NOUN | Number=Plur | 17 made | obj |
| 20 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 24 selection | punct |
| 21 | this | this | PRON | Number=Sing PronType=Dem | 24 selection | nsubj |
| 22 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 24 selection | cop |
| 23 | artificial | artificial | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 24 selection | amod |
| 24 | selection | selection | NOUN | Number=Sing | 2 come | parataxis |
| 25 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 29 example | punct |
| 26 | Darwin | Darwin | PROPN | Number=Sing | 29 example | nmod:poss |
| 27 | 's | 's | PART | _ | 26 Darwin | case |
| 28 | favourite | favourite | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 29 example | amod |
| 29 | example | example | NOUN | Number=Sing | 24 selection | appos |
| 30 | along | along | ADP | _ | 32 pigeons | case |
| 31 | with | with | ADP | _ | 30 along | fixed |
| 32 | pigeons | pigeon | NOUN | Number=Plur | 29 example | nmod |
| 33 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 2 come | punct |
Pragmatics
- form
- statement
- act
- assert
- voice
- narrator
- polarity
- none
- teacher
- kept the draft
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | come | present | Dogs | wolves | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial_location»: agent=Theme from wolf=Initial_Location | ||||
| 2 | choose | past | people | tree rules | |||||
| 3 | have | past | which dogs | puppies | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent puppy=Patient | ||||
| 4 | make | past | people not said here | many generations | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset breed=Product | ||||
| 5 | is a | present | this | artificial selection | tree rules | ||||
| 6 | exemplify | Darwin | along pigeons | nom example «cognition transitive»: poss=agent along=obl |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:279-natural-selection-we-can-watch-moths-finches-germs-and-tuskless-elephants.lesson:13.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R7-rel-agree ×2, R8-pos-agree ×2. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/279-natural-selection-we-can-watch-moths-finches-germs-and-tuskless-elephants/13/