Natural selection we can watch: moths, finches, germs and tuskless elephants, sentence 3
That is why your doctor says to finish the antibiotics: if you stop early, the toughest germs survive and multiply, and medicine slowly stops working on them.
Who acts: That, doctor, you, toughest germs, medicine · What happens: be, say, finish, stop, survive, multiply · To what, where: antibiotics · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of the lesson «Natural selection we can watch: moths, finches, germs and tuskless elephants» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (That, doctor, you, toughest germs), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | That | that | PRON | Number=Sing PronType=Dem | 3 why | nsubj |
| 2 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 3 why | cop |
| 3 | why | why | ADV | PronType=Rel | root | root |
| 4 | your | your | PRON | Case=Gen Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 5 doctor | nmod:poss |
| 5 | doctor | doctor | NOUN | Number=Sing | 6 says | nsubj |
| 6 | says | say | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 3 why | advcl:relcl |
| 7 | to | to | PART | _ | 8 finish | mark |
| 8 | finish | finish | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 6 says | xcomp |
| 9 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 10 antibiotics | det |
| 10 | antibiotics | antibiotic | NOUN | Number=Plur | 8 finish | obj |
| 11 | : | : | PUNCT | _ | 20 survive | punct |
| 12 | if | if | SCONJ | _ | 14 stop | mark |
| 13 | you | you | PRON | Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs | 14 stop | nsubj |
| 14 | stop | stop | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 20 survive | advcl |
| 15 | early | early | ADV | Degree=Pos | 14 stop | advmod |
| 16 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 14 stop | punct |
| 17 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 19 germs | det |
| 18 | toughest | tough | ADJ | Degree=Sup | 19 germs | amod |
| 19 | germs | germ | NOUN | Number=Plur | 20 survive | nsubj |
| 20 | survive | survive | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 3 why | parataxis |
| 21 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 22 multiply | cc |
| 22 | multiply | multiply | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 20 survive | conj |
| 23 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 27 stops | punct |
| 24 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 27 stops | cc |
| 25 | medicine | medicine | NOUN | Number=Sing | 27 stops | nsubj |
| 26 | slowly | slowly | ADV | _ | 27 stops | advmod |
| 27 | stops | stop | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 20 survive | conj |
| 28 | working | work | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 27 stops | xcomp |
| 29 | on | on | ADP | _ | 30 them | case |
| 30 | them | they | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 28 working | obl |
| 31 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 why | punct |
Pragmatics
- form
- statement
- act
- assert
- voice
- narrator
- polarity
- neg
- teacher
- changed act=assert
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is | present | That | why property | tree rules | ||||
| 2 | say speech: assert | present | your doctor | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V how S_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | |||||
| 3 | finish | to-infinitive | your doctor not said here | the antibiotics | vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP V NP.eventuality»: agent=Subeventuality antibiotic=Eventuality | ||||
| 4 | stop a condition, not said to happen | present | you | early property | vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP.eventuality V»: agent=Eventuality | ||||
| 5 | survive | present | the toughest germs | vn exist-47.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | |||||
| 6 | multiply | present | the toughest germs not said here | vn birth-28.2-2 «NP V»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 7 | stop | present | medicine | slowly property | vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Affector clause=Eventuality | ||||
| 8 | work | gerund | medicine not said here | on germs = germ | vn employment-95.3 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent on they=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:279-natural-selection-we-can-watch-moths-finches-germs-and-tuskless-elephants.lesson:3.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1, R8-pos-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/279-natural-selection-we-can-watch-moths-finches-germs-and-tuskless-elephants/3/