Natural selection we can watch: moths, finches, germs and tuskless elephants, sentence 5

In industrial England, soot darkened trees, so dark peppered moths were hidden while pale ones were eaten by birds; dark moths became common near cities, and pale moths came back when the air was cleaned.

Who acts: soot, birds, dark moths, pale moths · What happens: darken, pepper, hide, eat, become, come back · To what, where: trees, dark peppered moths, industrial England, pale ones, cities, air

This is a sentence of the lesson «Natural selection we can watch: moths, finches, germs and tuskless elephants» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (soot, birds, dark moths, pale moths), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	In	in	ADP	_	3 England	case
2	industrial	industrial	ADJ	Degree=Pos	3 England	amod
3	England	England	PROPN	Number=Sing	14 hidden	obl
4	,	,	PUNCT	_	3 England	punct
5	soot	soot	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 darkened	nsubj
6	darkened	darken	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	14 hidden	parataxis
7	trees	tree	NOUN	Number=Plur	6 darkened	obj
8	,	,	PUNCT	_	12 moths	punct
9	so	so	ADV	_	10 dark	advmod
10	dark	dark	ADJ	Degree=Pos	12 moths	amod
11	peppered	pepper	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	12 moths	amod
12	moths	moth	NOUN	Number=Plur	14 hidden	nsubj:pass
13	were	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	14 hidden	aux:pass
14	hidden	hide	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
15	while	while	SCONJ	_	19 eaten	mark
16	pale	pale	ADJ	Degree=Pos	17 ones	amod
17	ones	one	NOUN	Number=Plur	19 eaten	nsubj
18	were	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	19 eaten	aux:pass
19	eaten	eat	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	14 hidden	advcl
20	by	by	ADP	_	21 birds	case
21	birds	bird	NOUN	Number=Plur	19 eaten	obl
22	;	;	PUNCT	_	19 eaten	punct
23	dark	dark	ADJ	Degree=Pos	24 moths	amod
24	moths	moth	NOUN	Number=Plur	25 became	nsubj
25	became	become	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	19 eaten	advcl
26	common	common	ADJ	Degree=Pos	25 became	xcomp
27	near	near	ADP	_	28 cities	case
28	cities	city	NOUN	Number=Plur	25 became	xcomp
29	,	,	PUNCT	_	33 came	punct
30	and	and	CCONJ	_	33 came	cc
31	pale	pale	ADJ	Degree=Pos	32 moths	amod
32	moths	moth	NOUN	Number=Plur	33 came	nsubj
33	came	come	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	25 became	conj
34	back	back	ADV	_	33 came	advmod
35	when	when	ADV	PronType=Int	39 cleaned	advmod
36	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	37 air	det
37	air	air	NOUN	Number=Sing	39 cleaned	nsubj:pass
38	was	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	39 cleaned	aux:pass
39	cleaned	clean	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	33 came	advcl
40	.	.	PUNCT	_	14 hidden	punct

Pragmatics

No stored speech act for this sentence.

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	other	roles by
1	darken	past	soot	trees			vn other_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent tree=Patient
2	pepper	participle					vn butter-9.9 «NP V NP.destination»: agent=Agent
3	hide	past · passive		dark peppered moths	industrial England		vn concealment-16-1 «NP V NP PP.location»: subject=Patient in england=Location
4	eat	past · passive	birds	pale ones			vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent subject=Patient
5	become	past	dark moths	cities		common property	vn become-109.1-1-1 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Patient
6	come back	past	pale moths				vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
7	clean	past · passive		the air			vn other_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: subject=Patient

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:279-natural-selection-we-can-watch-moths-finches-germs-and-tuskless-elephants.lesson:5.

The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×2, R7-rel-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the release 0.4.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/279-natural-selection-we-can-watch-moths-finches-germs-and-tuskless-elephants/5/