Extinct forever: the dodo, the passenger pigeon, the thylacine and more, sentence 6

In the 1800s billions of passenger pigeons darkened the skies of North America; mass hunting and forest cutting killed them all, and the last one, Martha, died in Cincinnati Zoo in 1914.

Who acts: passenger pigeons, mass hunting, last one · What happens: darken, kill, die · To what, where: 1800s, skies, billions

This is a sentence of the lesson «Extinct forever: the dodo, the passenger pigeon, the thylacine and more» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (passenger pigeons, mass hunting, last one), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	In	in	ADP	_	4 billions	case
2	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 1800s	det
3	1800s	1800	NOUN	Number=Ptan NumForm=Combi NumType=Card	8 darkened	obl
4	billions	billion	NOUN	Number=Plur	20 killed	obl
5	of	of	ADP	_	7 pigeons	case
6	passenger	passenger	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 pigeons	compound
7	pigeons	pigeon	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 billions	nmod
8	darkened	darken	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part	7 pigeons	acl
9	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	10 skies	det
10	skies	sky	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 darkened	obj
11	of	of	ADP	_	13 America	case
12	North	North	PROPN	Number=Sing	13 America	compound
13	America	America	PROPN	Number=Sing	10 skies	nmod
14	;	;	PUNCT	_	20 killed	punct
15	mass	mass	ADJ	Degree=Pos	16 hunting	amod
16	hunting	hunting	NOUN	Number=Sing	20 killed	nsubj
17	and	and	CCONJ	_	19 cutting	cc
18	forest	forest	NOUN	Number=Sing	19 cutting	compound
19	cutting	cutting	NOUN	Number=Sing	16 hunting	conj
20	killed	kill	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
21	them	they	PRON	Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	20 killed	obj
22	all	all	DET	PronType=Tot	21 them	nmod:unmarked
23	,	,	PUNCT	_	31 died	punct
24	and	and	CCONJ	_	31 died	cc
25	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	27 one	det
26	last	last	ADJ	Degree=Pos	27 one	amod
27	one	one	NOUN	Number=Sing	31 died	nsubj
28	,	,	PUNCT	_	27 one	punct
29	Martha	Martha	PROPN	Number=Sing	27 one	appos
30	,	,	PUNCT	_	27 one	punct
31	died	die	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	20 killed	conj
32	in	in	ADP	_	34 Zoo	case
33	Cincinnati	Cincinnati	PROPN	Number=Sing	34 Zoo	compound
34	Zoo	Zoo	PROPN	Number=Sing	31 died	obl
35	in	in	ADP	_	36 1914	case
36	1914	1914	NUM	NumForm=Digit NumType=Card	31 died	obl
37	.	.	PUNCT	_	20 killed	punct

Pragmatics

form: statement
act: assert
voice: narrator
polarity: none
teacher: kept the draft

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	other	roles by
1	darken	participle	passenger pigeons not said here	the 1800s			vn other_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent sky=Patient
2	kill	past	mass hunting and forest cutting	skies = sky	billions of passenger pigeons		vn remove-10.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent they=Theme
3	die	past	the last one			in 1914; in Cincinnati Zoo	vn calibratable_cos-45.6.1 «NP.patient V PP.attribute»: agent=Patient in zoo=Attribute

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:281-extinct-forever-the-dodo-the-passenger-pigeon-the-thylacine-and-more.lesson:6.

The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×2, R7-rel-agree ×1, R8-pos-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the release 0.4.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/281-extinct-forever-the-dodo-the-passenger-pigeon-the-thylacine-and-more/6/