Comeback stories: bald eagles, humpback whales, condors and the kakapo, sentence 7
Sea otters were hunted for their fur almost to extinction, and protection brought them back along the Pacific coast; they eat sea urchins, which eat kelp, so otters protect kelp forests.
Who acts: protection, otters, sea urchins · What happens: hunt, bring back, eat, protect · To what, where: Sea otters, otters, sea urchins, kelp, kelp forests
This is a sentence of the lesson «Comeback stories: bald eagles, humpback whales, condors and the kakapo» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (protection, otters, sea urchins), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Sea | sea | NOUN | Number=Sing | 2 otters | compound |
| 2 | otters | otter | NOUN | Number=Plur | 4 hunted | nsubj |
| 3 | were | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 4 hunted | aux:pass |
| 4 | hunted | hunt | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | root | root |
| 5 | for | for | ADP | _ | 7 fur | case |
| 6 | their | their | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 7 fur | nmod:poss |
| 7 | fur | fur | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 hunted | obl |
| 8 | almost | almost | ADV | _ | 10 extinction | advmod |
| 9 | to | to | ADP | _ | 10 extinction | case |
| 10 | extinction | extinction | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 hunted | obl |
| 11 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 14 brought | punct |
| 12 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 14 brought | cc |
| 13 | protection | protection | NOUN | Number=Sing | 14 brought | nsubj |
| 14 | brought | bring | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 4 hunted | conj |
| 15 | them | they | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 14 brought | obj |
| 16 | back | back | ADV | _ | 14 brought | advmod |
| 17 | along | along | ADP | _ | 20 coast | case |
| 18 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 20 coast | det |
| 19 | Pacific | Pacific | PROPN | Number=Sing | 20 coast | compound |
| 20 | coast | coast | NOUN | Number=Sing | 14 brought | obl |
| 21 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 23 eat | punct |
| 22 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 23 eat | nsubj |
| 23 | eat | eat | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 4 hunted | parataxis |
| 24 | sea | sea | NOUN | Number=Sing | 25 urchins | compound |
| 25 | urchins | urchin | NOUN | Number=Plur | 23 eat | obj |
| 26 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 29 kelp | punct |
| 27 | which | which | PRON | PronType=Rel | 28 eat | nsubj |
| 28 | eat | eat | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 25 urchins | acl:relcl |
| 29 | kelp | kelp | NOUN | Number=Sing | 28 eat | obj |
| 30 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 33 protect | punct |
| 31 | so | so | ADV | _ | 33 protect | advmod |
| 32 | otters | otter | NOUN | Number=Plur | 33 protect | nsubj |
| 33 | protect | protect | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 23 eat | conj |
| 34 | kelp | kelp | NOUN | Number=Sing | 35 forests | compound |
| 35 | forests | forest | NOUN | Number=Plur | 33 protect | obj |
| 36 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 4 hunted | punct |
Pragmatics
No stored speech act for this sentence.
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | hunt | past · passive | Sea otters | for otters's fur; to extinction | vn hunt-35.1 «NP V NP PP.theme»: subject=Location for fur=Theme | ||||
| 2 | bring back | past | protection | otters = otter | along the Pacific coast | vn bring-11.3-1 «NP V NP together»: agent=Agent they=Theme | |||
| 3 | eat | present | otters = otter | sea urchins | vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent urchin=Patient | ||||
| 4 | eat | present | sea urchins | kelp | vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent kelp=Patient | ||||
| 5 | protect | present | otters | kelp forests | vn defend-72.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent forest=Beneficiary |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:282-comeback-stories-bald-eagles-humpback-whales-condors-and-the-kakapo.lesson:7.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R7-rel-agree ×2. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/282-comeback-stories-bald-eagles-humpback-whales-condors-and-the-kakapo/7/