Plants we eat: roots, stems, leaves, flowers, fruits and seeds, sentence 12

Chocolate comes from cacao beans, the seeds of a tree from South and Central America now grown mostly in West Africa; the beans are fermented, dried, roasted and ground, and the Aztecs drank chocolate as a bitter drink.

Who acts: Chocolate, Aztecs · What happens: come, grow, ferment, dry, roast, grind · To what, where: cacao beans, tree, West Africa, beans, chocolate

This is a sentence of the lesson «Plants we eat: roots, stems, leaves, flowers, fruits and seeds» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Chocolate, Aztecs), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Chocolate	chocolate	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 comes	nsubj
2	comes	come	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	from	from	ADP	_	5 beans	case
4	cacao	cacao	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 beans	compound
5	beans	bean	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 comes	obl
6	,	,	PUNCT	_	8 seeds	punct
7	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 seeds	det
8	seeds	seed	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 beans	appos
9	of	of	ADP	_	11 tree	case
10	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	11 tree	det
11	tree	tree	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 seeds	nmod
12	from	from	ADP	_	13 South	case
13	South	South	PROPN	Number=Sing	11 tree	nmod
14	and	and	CCONJ	_	16 America	cc
15	Central	Central	PROPN	Number=Sing	13 South	conj
16	America	America	PROPN	Number=Sing	13 South	conj
17	now	now	ADV	_	18 grown	advmod
18	grown	grow	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part	11 tree	acl
19	mostly	mostly	ADV	_	18 grown	advmod
20	in	in	ADP	_	22 Africa	case
21	West	West	PROPN	Number=Sing	22 Africa	compound
22	Africa	Africa	PROPN	Number=Sing	18 grown	obl
23	;	;	PUNCT	_	27 fermented	punct
24	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	25 beans	det
25	beans	bean	NOUN	Number=Plur	27 fermented	nsubj
26	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	27 fermented	aux:pass
27	fermented	ferment	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	2 comes	parataxis
28	,	,	PUNCT	_	29 dried	punct
29	dried	dry	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	27 fermented	conj
30	,	,	PUNCT	_	31 roasted	punct
31	roasted	roast	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	27 fermented	conj
32	and	and	CCONJ	_	33 ground	cc
33	ground	grind	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	27 fermented	conj
34	,	,	PUNCT	_	38 drank	punct
35	and	and	CCONJ	_	38 drank	cc
36	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	37 Aztecs	det
37	Aztecs	Aztec	PROPN	Number=Plur	38 drank	nsubj
38	drank	drink	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	2 comes	conj
39	chocolate	chocolate	NOUN	Number=Sing	38 drank	obj
40	as	as	ADP	_	43 drink	case
41	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	43 drink	det
42	bitter	bitter	ADJ	Degree=Pos	43 drink	amod
43	drink	drink	NOUN	Number=Sing	38 drank	obl
44	.	.	PUNCT	_	2 comes	punct

Pragmatics

form: statement
act: assert
voice: narrator
polarity: none
teacher: kept the draft

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	come	present	Chocolate		cacao beans			vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial_location»: agent=Theme from bean=Initial_Location
2	grow	participle		a tree from South and Central and America not said here	West Africa	now	mostly property	vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in africa=Location
3	ferment	present · passive		the beans				tree rules
4	dry	participle						vn other_cos-45.4-1 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient
5	roast	participle						vn cooking-45.3 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient
6	grind	participle						vn carve-21.2-1 «NP V ADVP-Middle»: agent=Patient
7	drink	past	the Aztecs	chocolate			as a bitter drink	vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent chocolate=Patient

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:288-plants-we-eat-roots-stems-leaves-flowers-fruits-and-seeds.lesson:12.

The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R3-conj-first ×1, R5-strong ×1, R7-rel-agree ×2. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the release 0.4.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/288-plants-we-eat-roots-stems-leaves-flowers-fruits-and-seeds/12/