Food from around the world: how crops travelled the globe, sentence 10
In the Andes people made chuño, potatoes freeze-dried by night frost and day sun, which are light to carry and can last for years; Peru has thousands of kinds of potato.
Who acts: people, potatoes, Peru · What happens: make, freeze, dry, be, carry, last · To what, where: chuño, Andes, potatoes, thousands
This is a sentence of the lesson «Food from around the world: how crops travelled the globe» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (people, potatoes, Peru), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | In | in | ADP | _ | 3 Andes | case |
| 2 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 3 Andes | det |
| 3 | Andes | Andes | PROPN | Number=Plur | 5 made | obl |
| 4 | people | people | NOUN | Number=Plur | 5 made | nsubj |
| 5 | made | make | VERB | Mood=Ind Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 6 | chuño | chuño | X | Foreign=Yes | 5 made | obj |
| 7 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 6 chuño | punct |
| 8 | potatoes | potato | NOUN | Number=Plur | 6 chuño | appos |
| 9 | freeze | freeze | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 11 dried | compound |
| 10 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 9 freeze | punct |
| 11 | dried | dry | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 8 potatoes | acl |
| 12 | by | by | ADP | _ | 14 frost | case |
| 13 | night | night | NOUN | Number=Sing | 14 frost | compound |
| 14 | frost | frost | NOUN | Number=Sing | 11 dried | obl |
| 15 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 17 sun | cc |
| 16 | day | day | NOUN | Number=Sing | 17 sun | compound |
| 17 | sun | sun | NOUN | Number=Sing | 14 frost | conj |
| 18 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 21 light | punct |
| 19 | which | which | PRON | PronType=Rel | 21 light | nsubj |
| 20 | are | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 21 light | cop |
| 21 | light | light | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 8 potatoes | acl:relcl |
| 22 | to | to | PART | _ | 23 carry | mark |
| 23 | carry | carry | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 21 light | xcomp |
| 24 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 26 last | cc |
| 25 | can | can | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 26 last | aux |
| 26 | last | last | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 21 light | conj |
| 27 | for | for | ADP | _ | 28 years | case |
| 28 | years | year | NOUN | Number=Plur | 26 last | obl |
| 29 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 31 has | punct |
| 30 | Peru | Peru | PROPN | Number=Sing | 31 has | nsubj |
| 31 | has | have | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 5 made | parataxis |
| 32 | thousands | thousand | NOUN | Number=Plur | 31 has | obj |
| 33 | of | of | ADP | _ | 34 kinds | case |
| 34 | kinds | kind | NOUN | Number=Plur | 32 thousands | nmod |
| 35 | of | of | ADP | _ | 36 potato | case |
| 36 | potato | potato | NOUN | Number=Sing | 34 kinds | nmod |
| 37 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 5 made | punct |
Pragmatics
No stored speech act for this sentence.
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | make | past | people | chuño | the Andes | vn build-26.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent chuño=Product | |||
| 2 | freeze | infinitive | vn other_cos-45.4-1 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient | ||||||
| 3 | dry | participle | potatoes not said here | by night frost and day sun | vn other_cos-45.4-1 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient | ||||
| 4 | is | present | potatoes | light property | tree rules | ||||
| 5 | carry | to-infinitive | potatoes not said here | vn carry-11.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 6 | last | can | potatoes not said here | year | vn cost-54.2 «NP V NP.value»: agent=Theme | ||||
| 7 | have | present | Peru | thousands of kinds of potato | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent thousand=Patient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:289-food-from-around-the-world-how-crops-travelled-the-globe.lesson:10.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R7-rel-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/289-food-from-around-the-world-how-crops-travelled-the-globe/10/