Crocodiles and alligators, sentence 11

Crocodiles are cold-blooded: they bask in the sun to warm up and gape their mouths to let heat escape, and can go months without eating, because an animal that does not burn food to keep warm uses much less energy.

Who acts: Crocodiles, heat, animal · What happens: be, bask, warm up, gape, let, escape · To what, where: Crocodiles, sun, mouths, food, less energy

This is a sentence of the lesson «Crocodiles and alligators» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Crocodiles, heat, animal), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Crocodiles	crocodile	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 blooded	nsubj:pass
2	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	5 blooded	cop
3	cold	cold	ADJ	Degree=Pos	5 blooded	compound
4	-	-	PUNCT	_	3 cold	punct
5	blooded	blooded	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
6	:	:	PUNCT	_	5 blooded	punct
7	they	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	8 bask	nsubj
8	bask	bask	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	5 blooded	parataxis
9	in	in	ADP	_	11 sun	case
10	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	11 sun	det
11	sun	sun	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 bask	obl
12	to	to	PART	_	13 warm	mark
13	warm	warm	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	8 bask	advcl
14	up	up	ADP	_	13 warm	compound:prt
15	and	and	CCONJ	_	16 gape	cc
16	gape	gape	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	13 warm	conj
17	their	their	PRON	Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	18 mouths	nmod:poss
18	mouths	mouth	NOUN	Number=Plur	16 gape	obj
19	to	to	PART	_	20 let	mark
20	let	let	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	16 gape	advcl
21	heat	heat	NOUN	Number=Sing	22 escape	nsubj
22	escape	escape	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	20 let	xcomp
23	,	,	PUNCT	_	26 go	punct
24	and	and	CCONJ	_	26 go	cc
25	can	can	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	26 go	aux
26	go	go	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	8 bask	conj
27	months	month	NOUN	Number=Plur	26 go	obl:unmarked
28	without	without	SCONJ	_	29 eating	mark
29	eating	eat	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	26 go	advcl
30	,	,	PUNCT	_	33 animal	punct
31	because	because	SCONJ	_	42 uses	mark
32	an	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	33 animal	det
33	animal	animal	NOUN	Number=Sing	42 uses	nsubj
34	that	that	PRON	PronType=Rel	37 burn	nsubj
35	does	do	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	37 burn	aux
36	not	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	37 burn	advmod
37	burn	burn	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	33 animal	acl:relcl
38	food	food	NOUN	Number=Sing	37 burn	obj
39	to	to	PART	_	40 keep	mark
40	keep	keep	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	37 burn	advcl
41	warm	warm	ADJ	Degree=Pos	40 keep	xcomp
42	uses	use	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	26 go	advcl
43	much	much	ADV	_	44 less	advmod
44	less	less	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	45 energy	amod
45	energy	energy	NOUN	Number=Sing	42 uses	obj
46	.	.	PUNCT	_	5 blooded	punct

Pragmatics

form: statement
act: assert
voice: narrator
polarity: none
teacher: changed polarity=none

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present · passive		Crocodiles			blooded property	tree rules
2	bask	present	Crocodiles = crocodile		the sun			vn marvel-31.3 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer
3	warm up	to-infinitive	Crocodiles = crocodile not said here					vn cooking-45.3 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient
4	gape	infinitive	Crocodiles = crocodile not said here	Crocodiles's mouths				vn nonverbal_expression-40.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent mouth=Theme
5	let	to-infinitive	Crocodiles = crocodile not said here					tree rules
6	escape	infinitive	heat					vn escape-51.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
7	go	can	Crocodiles = crocodile not said here			month		vn disappearance-48.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
8	eat	gerund	Crocodiles = crocodile not said here					vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
9	not burn	present · do-support	a animal	food				vn light_emission-43.1 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent food=Theme
10	keep	to-infinitive	a animal not said here				warm property	vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent
11	use	present	a animal	less energy				vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent energy=Patient

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:029-crocodiles-and-alligators.lesson:11.

The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R7-rel-agree ×2, R8-pos-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the release 0.4.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/29-crocodiles-and-alligators/11/