Crocodiles and alligators, sentence 12
Crocodile ancestors lived alongside dinosaurs over 200 million years ago, and crocodiles are the closest living relatives of birds.
Who acts: Crocodile ancestors, crocodiles · What happens: live, be · To what, where: closest living relatives
This is a sentence of the lesson «Crocodiles and alligators» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Crocodile ancestors, crocodiles), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Crocodile | crocodile | NOUN | Number=Sing | 2 ancestors | compound |
| 2 | ancestors | ancestor | NOUN | Number=Plur | 3 lived | nsubj |
| 3 | lived | live | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 4 | alongside | alongside | ADP | _ | 5 dinosaurs | case |
| 5 | dinosaurs | dinosaur | NOUN | Number=Plur | 3 lived | obl |
| 6 | over | over | ADP | _ | 7 200 | case |
| 7 | 200 | 200 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 8 million | compound |
| 8 | million | million | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 9 years | nummod |
| 9 | years | year | NOUN | Number=Plur | 10 ago | obl:unmarked |
| 10 | ago | ago | ADV | _ | 3 lived | advmod |
| 11 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 18 relatives | punct |
| 12 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 18 relatives | cc |
| 13 | crocodiles | crocodile | NOUN | Number=Plur | 18 relatives | nsubj |
| 14 | are | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 18 relatives | cop |
| 15 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 18 relatives | det |
| 16 | closest | close | ADJ | Degree=Sup | 18 relatives | amod |
| 17 | living | live | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 18 relatives | amod |
| 18 | relatives | relative | NOUN | Number=Plur | 3 lived | conj |
| 19 | of | of | ADP | _ | 20 birds | case |
| 20 | birds | bird | NOUN | Number=Plur | 18 relatives | nmod |
| 21 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 lived | punct |
Pragmatics
No stored speech act for this sentence.
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | live | past | Crocodile ancestors | alongside dinosaurs; ago property | vn exist-47.1-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme alongside dinosaur=Location | ||||
| 2 | live | gerund | vn exist-47.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | ||||||
| 3 | is a | present | crocodiles | the closest living relatives | of birds | tree rules |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:029-crocodiles-and-alligators.lesson:12.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): no change. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/29-crocodiles-and-alligators/12/