Bees, worms and soil: the hidden helpers of our food, sentence 12

In parts of Sichuan in China, after heavy pesticide use and the loss of bees, workers pollinated pear trees by hand with brushes, which is slow and costly.

Who acts: workers · What happens: pollinate, be · To what, where: pear trees, parts

This is a sentence of the lesson «Bees, worms and soil: the hidden helpers of our food» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (workers), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	In	in	ADP	_	2 parts	case
2	parts	part	NOUN	Number=Plur	19 pollinated	obl
3	of	of	ADP	_	4 Sichuan	case
4	Sichuan	Sichuan	PROPN	Number=Sing	2 parts	nmod
5	in	in	ADP	_	6 China	case
6	China	China	PROPN	Number=Sing	2 parts	nmod
7	,	,	PUNCT	_	2 parts	punct
8	after	after	ADP	_	11 use	case
9	heavy	heavy	ADJ	Degree=Pos	11 use	amod
10	pesticide	pesticide	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 use	compound
11	use	use	NOUN	Number=Sing	19 pollinated	obl
12	and	and	CCONJ	_	14 loss	cc
13	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	14 loss	det
14	loss	loss	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 use	conj
15	of	of	ADP	_	16 bees	case
16	bees	bee	NOUN	Number=Plur	14 loss	nmod
17	,	,	PUNCT	_	2 parts	punct
18	workers	worker	NOUN	Number=Plur	19 pollinated	nsubj
19	pollinated	pollinate	VERB	Mood=Ind Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
20	pear	pear	NOUN	Number=Sing	21 trees	compound
21	trees	tree	NOUN	Number=Plur	19 pollinated	obj
22	by	by	ADP	_	23 hand	case
23	hand	hand	NOUN	Number=Sing	19 pollinated	obl
24	with	with	ADP	_	25 brushes	case
25	brushes	brush	NOUN	Number=Plur	19 pollinated	obl
26	,	,	PUNCT	_	29 slow	punct
27	which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	29 slow	nsubj
28	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	29 slow	cop
29	slow	slow	ADJ	Degree=Pos	19 pollinated	advcl:relcl
30	and	and	CCONJ	_	31 costly	cc
31	costly	costly	ADJ	Degree=Pos	29 slow	conj
32	.	.	PUNCT	_	19 pollinated	punct

Pragmatics

No stored speech act for this sentence.

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	pollinate	past	workers	pear trees	parts of Sichuan in China	after heavy pesticide use and the loss of bees	by hand; with brushes	tree rules
2	is	present					slow property	tree rules
3	be							tree rules

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:291-bees-worms-and-soil-the-hidden-helpers-of-our-food.lesson:12.

The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): no change. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the release 0.4.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/291-bees-worms-and-soil-the-hidden-helpers-of-our-food/12/