Horses, cattle, camels and chickens: how people tamed animals, sentence 11

All cattle come from the aurochs, a huge wild ox with long horns drawn in cave paintings; it was tamed about 10,000 years ago, and the last one died in a Polish forest in 1627.

Who acts: cattle, last one · What happens: come, draw, tame, die · To what, where: aurochs, long horns, cave paintings, ox

This is a sentence of the lesson «Horses, cattle, camels and chickens: how people tamed animals» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (cattle, last one), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	All	all	DET	PronType=Tot	2 cattle	det
2	cattle	cattle	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 come	nsubj
3	come	come	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	from	from	ADP	_	6 aurochs	case
5	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	6 aurochs	det
6	aurochs	aurochs	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 come	obl
7	,	,	PUNCT	_	11 ox	punct
8	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	11 ox	det
9	huge	huge	ADJ	Degree=Pos	11 ox	amod
10	wild	wild	ADJ	Degree=Pos	11 ox	amod
11	ox	ox	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 aurochs	appos
12	with	with	ADP	_	14 horns	case
13	long	long	ADJ	Degree=Pos	14 horns	amod
14	horns	horn	NOUN	Number=Plur	11 ox	nmod
15	drawn	draw	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	14 horns	acl
16	in	in	ADP	_	18 paintings	case
17	cave	cave	NOUN	Number=Sing	18 paintings	compound
18	paintings	painting	NOUN	Number=Plur	15 drawn	obl
19	;	;	PUNCT	_	22 tamed	punct
20	it	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	22 tamed	nsubj:pass
21	was	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	22 tamed	aux:pass
22	tamed	tame	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	3 come	parataxis
23	about	about	ADV	_	24 10,000	advmod
24	10,000	10000	NUM	NumForm=Digit NumType=Card	25 years	nummod
25	years	year	NOUN	Number=Plur	26 ago	obl:unmarked
26	ago	ago	ADV	_	22 tamed	advmod
27	,	,	PUNCT	_	32 died	punct
28	and	and	CCONJ	_	32 died	cc
29	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	31 one	det
30	last	last	ADJ	Degree=Pos	31 one	amod
31	one	one	NOUN	Number=Sing	32 died	nsubj
32	died	die	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	22 tamed	conj
33	in	in	ADP	_	36 forest	case
34	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	36 forest	det
35	Polish	polish	ADJ	Degree=Pos	36 forest	amod
36	forest	forest	NOUN	Number=Sing	32 died	obl
37	in	in	ADP	_	38 1627	case
38	1627	1627	NUM	NumForm=Digit NumType=Card	32 died	obl
39	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 come	punct

Pragmatics

form: statement
act: assert
voice: narrator
polarity: none
teacher: changed polarity=none

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	other	roles by
1	come	present	all cattle		the aurochs		vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial_location»: agent=Theme from aurochs=Initial_Location
2	draw	participle		long horns not said here	cave paintings		vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent in painting=Destination
3	tame	past · passive		ox		ago property	vn other_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: subject=Patient
4	die	past	the last one			in 1627; in a Polish forest	vn calibratable_cos-45.6.1 «NP.patient V PP.attribute»: agent=Patient in forest=Attribute

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:293-horses-cattle-camels-and-chickens-how-people-tamed-animals.lesson:11.

The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×2, R7-rel-agree ×3, R8-pos-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the release 0.4.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/293-horses-cattle-camels-and-chickens-how-people-tamed-animals/11/