Horses, cattle, camels and chickens: how people tamed animals, sentence 10
Przewalski's horse is a stocky wild horse from Mongolia that died out in the wild by the 1960s; zoo horses were released, and wild herds now live in Mongolia and even in the Chornobyl zone in Ukraine.
Who acts: horse, stocky wild horse, wild herds · What happens: be, die out, release, live · To what, where: stocky wild horse, Mongolia, zoo horses
This is a sentence of the lesson «Horses, cattle, camels and chickens: how people tamed animals» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (horse, stocky wild horse, wild herds), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Przewalski | Przewalski | PROPN | Number=Sing | 3 horse | nmod:poss |
| 2 | 's | 's | PART | _ | 1 Przewalski | case |
| 3 | horse | horse | NOUN | Number=Sing | 8 horse | nsubj |
| 4 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 8 horse | cop |
| 5 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 8 horse | det |
| 6 | stocky | stocky | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 8 horse | amod |
| 7 | wild | wild | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 8 horse | amod |
| 8 | horse | horse | NOUN | Number=Sing | root | root |
| 9 | from | from | ADP | _ | 10 Mongolia | case |
| 10 | Mongolia | Mongolia | PROPN | Number=Sing | 8 horse | nmod |
| 11 | that | that | PRON | PronType=Rel | 12 died | nsubj |
| 12 | died | die | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 8 horse | acl:relcl |
| 13 | out | out | ADP | _ | 12 died | compound:prt |
| 14 | in | in | ADP | _ | 16 wild | case |
| 15 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 16 wild | det |
| 16 | wild | wild | NOUN | Number=Sing | 12 died | obl |
| 17 | by | by | ADP | _ | 19 1960s | case |
| 18 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 19 1960s | det |
| 19 | 1960s | 1960s | NOUN | Number=Ptan NumForm=Combi NumType=Card | 12 died | obl |
| 20 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 22 horses | punct |
| 21 | zoo | zoo | NOUN | Number=Sing | 22 horses | compound |
| 22 | horses | horse | NOUN | Number=Plur | 24 released | nsubj:pass |
| 23 | were | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 24 released | aux:pass |
| 24 | released | release | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 8 horse | conj |
| 25 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 30 live | punct |
| 26 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 30 live | cc |
| 27 | wild | wild | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 28 herds | amod |
| 28 | herds | herd | NOUN | Number=Plur | 30 live | nsubj |
| 29 | now | now | ADV | _ | 30 live | advmod |
| 30 | live | live | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 24 released | conj |
| 31 | in | in | ADP | _ | 32 Mongolia | case |
| 32 | Mongolia | Mongolia | PROPN | Number=Sing | 30 live | obl |
| 33 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 38 zone | cc |
| 34 | even | even | ADV | _ | 38 zone | advmod |
| 35 | in | in | ADP | _ | 38 zone | case |
| 36 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 38 zone | det |
| 37 | Chornobyl | Chornobyl | PROPN | Number=Sing | 38 zone | compound |
| 38 | zone | zone | NOUN | Number=Sing | 32 Mongolia | conj |
| 39 | in | in | ADP | _ | 40 Ukraine | case |
| 40 | Ukraine | Ukraine | PROPN | Number=Sing | 38 zone | nmod |
| 41 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 8 horse | punct |
Pragmatics
No stored speech act for this sentence.
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is a | present | Przewalski's horse | a stocky wild horse | Mongolia | tree rules | |||
| 2 | die out | past | a stocky wild horse | by the 1960s; in the wild | vn calibratable_cos-45.6.1 «NP.patient V PP.attribute»: agent=Patient in wild=Attribute | ||||
| 3 | release | past · passive | zoo horses | vn free-10.6.3-1 «NP V NP S_ING»: subject=Source | |||||
| 4 | live | present | wild herds | Mongolia and the Chornobyl zone in Ukraine | now | vn lodge-46 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in mongolia=Location |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:293-horses-cattle-camels-and-chickens-how-people-tamed-animals.lesson:10.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R1-cc-next ×2. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
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