Horses, cattle, camels and chickens: how people tamed animals, sentence 18
Horses carried soldiers for thousands of years, millions died in the First World War, and a memorial in London remembers animals in war, including dogs and pigeons that carried messages.
Who acts: Horses, millions, memorial, dogs · What happens: carry, die, remember · To what, where: soldiers, animals, war, messages
This is a sentence of the lesson «Horses, cattle, camels and chickens: how people tamed animals» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Horses, millions, memorial, dogs), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Horses | horse | NOUN | Number=Plur | 2 carried | nsubj |
| 2 | carried | carry | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 10 died | conj |
| 3 | soldiers | soldier | NOUN | Number=Plur | 2 carried | obj |
| 4 | for | for | ADP | _ | 5 thousands | case |
| 5 | thousands | thousand | NOUN | Number=Plur | 2 carried | obl |
| 6 | of | of | ADP | _ | 7 years | case |
| 7 | years | year | NOUN | Number=Plur | 5 thousands | nmod |
| 8 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 10 died | punct |
| 9 | millions | million | NOUN | Number=Plur | 10 died | nsubj |
| 10 | died | die | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 11 | in | in | ADP | _ | 15 War | case |
| 12 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 15 War | det |
| 13 | First | First | PROPN | Number=Sing NumForm=Word | 15 War | amod |
| 14 | World | World | PROPN | Number=Sing | 15 War | compound |
| 15 | War | War | PROPN | Number=Sing | 10 died | obl |
| 16 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 22 remembers | punct |
| 17 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 22 remembers | cc |
| 18 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 19 memorial | det |
| 19 | memorial | memorial | NOUN | Number=Sing | 22 remembers | nsubj |
| 20 | in | in | ADP | _ | 21 London | case |
| 21 | London | London | PROPN | Number=Sing | 19 memorial | nmod |
| 22 | remembers | remember | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 10 died | conj |
| 23 | animals | animal | NOUN | Number=Plur | 22 remembers | obj |
| 24 | in | in | ADP | _ | 25 war | case |
| 25 | war | war | NOUN | Number=Sing | 23 animals | nmod |
| 26 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 28 dogs | punct |
| 27 | including | include | ADP | _ | 28 dogs | case |
| 28 | dogs | dog | NOUN | Number=Plur | 23 animals | conj |
| 29 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 30 pigeons | cc |
| 30 | pigeons | pigeon | NOUN | Number=Plur | 28 dogs | conj |
| 31 | that | that | PRON | PronType=Rel | 32 carried | nsubj |
| 32 | carried | carry | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 28 dogs | acl:relcl |
| 33 | messages | message | NOUN | Number=Plur | 32 carried | obj |
| 34 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 2 carried | punct |
Pragmatics
- form
- statement
- act
- assert
- voice
- narrator
- polarity
- none
- teacher
- changed polarity=none
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | carry | past | Horses | soldiers | for thousands of years | vn carry-11.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent soldier=Theme | |||
| 2 | die | past | millions | in the First World War | vn calibratable_cos-45.6.1 «NP.patient V PP.attribute»: agent=Patient in war=Attribute | ||||
| 3 | remember | present | a memorial in London | animals and dogs and pigeons | war | vn characterize-29.2-1-1 «NP V NP S_ING»: agent=Agent animal=Theme | |||
| 4 | carry | past | dogs and pigeons | messages | vn carry-11.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent message=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:293-horses-cattle-camels-and-chickens-how-people-tamed-animals.lesson:18.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R1-cc-next ×2, R5-strong ×1, R6-punct-agree ×3. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/293-horses-cattle-camels-and-chickens-how-people-tamed-animals/18/