Horses, cattle, camels and chickens: how people tamed animals, sentence 19

Elephants have worked with people for thousands of years but were never truly tamed; most were caught wild, as they breed slowly in captivity.

Who acts: Elephants, thousands · What happens: work, not tame, catch, breed · To what, where: most, captivity

This is a sentence of the lesson «Horses, cattle, camels and chickens: how people tamed animals» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Elephants, thousands), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Elephants	elephant	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 worked	nsubj
2	have	have	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 worked	aux
3	worked	work	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part	root	root
4	with	with	ADP	_	5 people	case
5	people	people	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 worked	obl
6	for	for	ADP	_	7 thousands	case
7	thousands	thousand	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 worked	obl
8	of	of	ADP	_	9 years	case
9	years	year	NOUN	Number=Plur	7 thousands	nmod
10	but	but	CCONJ	_	14 tamed	cc
11	were	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	14 tamed	aux:pass
12	never	never	ADV	PronType=Neg	14 tamed	advmod
13	truly	truly	ADV	_	14 tamed	advmod
14	tamed	tame	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	3 worked	conj
15	;	;	PUNCT	_	18 caught	punct
16	most	most	ADJ	Degree=Sup	18 caught	nsubj:pass
17	were	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	18 caught	aux:pass
18	caught	catch	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	3 worked	parataxis
19	wild	wild	ADJ	Degree=Pos	18 caught	xcomp
20	,	,	PUNCT	_	23 breed	punct
21	as	as	SCONJ	_	23 breed	mark
22	they	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	23 breed	nsubj
23	breed	breed	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	18 caught	advcl
24	slowly	slowly	ADV	_	23 breed	advmod
25	in	in	ADP	_	26 captivity	case
26	captivity	captivity	NOUN	Number=Sing	23 breed	obl
27	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 worked	punct

Pragmatics

form: statement
act: assert
voice: narrator
polarity: none
teacher: kept the draft

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	other	roles by
1	work	present · perfect	Elephants			with people; for thousands of years	vn employment-95.3 «NP V PP.beneficiary»: agent=Agent for thousand=Beneficiary
2	not tame	past · passive	Elephants not said here			truly property	vn other_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»
3	catch	past · passive		most		wild property	vn get-13.5.1 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme
4	breed	present	thousands = thousand		captivity	slowly property	tree rules

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:293-horses-cattle-camels-and-chickens-how-people-tamed-animals.lesson:19.

The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R8-pos-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the release 0.4.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/293-horses-cattle-camels-and-chickens-how-people-tamed-animals/19/