Animal myths put right: elephants and mice, lemmings, ostriches and goldfish, sentence 11

Porcupines cannot shoot their quills; the quills come off easily when touched and stick into the attacker, and a porcupine rattles its quills and stamps its feet as a warning first.

Who acts: Porcupines, quills, porcupine · What happens: not shoot, come off, touch, stick, rattle, stamp · To what, where: quills, attacker, feet

This is a sentence of the lesson «Animal myths put right: elephants and mice, lemmings, ostriches and goldfish» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Porcupines, quills, porcupine), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Porcupines	porcupine	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 shoot	nsubj
2	can	can	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	4 shoot	aux
3	not	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	4 shoot	advmod
4	shoot	shoot	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
5	their	their	PRON	Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	6 quills	nmod:poss
6	quills	quill	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 shoot	obj
7	;	;	PUNCT	_	10 come	punct
8	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	9 quills	det
9	quills	quill	NOUN	Number=Plur	10 come	nsubj
10	come	come	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 shoot	parataxis
11	off	off	ADV	_	10 come	compound:prt
12	easily	easily	ADV	_	10 come	advmod
13	when	when	ADV	PronType=Int	14 touched	advmod
14	touched	touch	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	10 come	advcl
15	and	and	CCONJ	_	16 stick	cc
16	stick	stick	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	10 come	conj
17	into	into	ADP	_	19 attacker	case
18	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	19 attacker	det
19	attacker	attacker	NOUN	Number=Sing	16 stick	obl
20	,	,	PUNCT	_	24 rattles	punct
21	and	and	CCONJ	_	24 rattles	cc
22	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	23 porcupine	det
23	porcupine	porcupine	NOUN	Number=Sing	24 rattles	nsubj
24	rattles	rattle	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 shoot	conj
25	its	its	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	26 quills	nmod:poss
26	quills	quill	NOUN	Number=Plur	24 rattles	obj
27	and	and	CCONJ	_	28 stamps	cc
28	stamps	stamp	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	24 rattles	conj
29	its	its	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	30 feet	nmod:poss
30	feet	foot	NOUN	Number=Plur	28 stamps	obj
31	as	as	ADP	_	33 warning	case
32	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	33 warning	det
33	warning	warning	NOUN	Number=Sing	28 stamps	obl
34	first	first	ADV	NumForm=Word NumType=Ord	28 stamps	advmod
35	.	.	PUNCT	_	4 shoot	punct

Pragmatics

form: statement
act: assert
voice: narrator
polarity: none
teacher: kept the draft

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	other	roles by
1	not shoot	can	Porcupines	Porcupines's quills			vn throw-17.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent quill=Theme
2	come off	present	the quills			easily property	vn occur-48.3-2 «NP V ADV»: agent=Theme
3	touch	participle	the quills not said here				vn contiguous_location-47.8-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
4	stick	infinitive	the quills not said here		the attacker		vn spray-9.7-1 «NP V PP.destination»: agent=Theme into attacker=Destination
5	rattle	present	a porcupine	attacker's quills			vn animal_sounds-38 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent quill=Theme
6	stamp	present	a porcupine not said here	attacker's feet		as a warning; first property	vn characterize-29.2 «NP V NP S_ING»: agent=Agent foot=Theme as warning=Attribute

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:295-animal-myths-put-right-elephants-and-mice-lemmings-ostriches-and-goldfish.lesson:11.

The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R2-punct-next ×1, R3-conj-first ×1, R5-strong ×1, R7-rel-agree ×2. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the release 0.4.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/295-animal-myths-put-right-elephants-and-mice-lemmings-ostriches-and-goldfish/11/