Animal myths put right: elephants and mice, lemmings, ostriches and goldfish, sentence 5
Elephants are not especially scared of mice; in tests they were startled by anything moving suddenly near their feet, and they are wary of bees, which can sting inside the trunk, so farmers in Africa build beehive fences to keep elephants off crops.
Who acts: Elephants, bees, farmers · What happens: not be, startle, move, be, sting, build · To what, where: elephants, tests, feet, trunk, beehive fences
This is a sentence of the lesson «Animal myths put right: elephants and mice, lemmings, ostriches and goldfish» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Elephants, bees, farmers), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Elephants | elephant | NOUN | Number=Plur | 5 scared | nsubj |
| 2 | are | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 5 scared | cop |
| 3 | not | not | PART | Polarity=Neg | 5 scared | advmod |
| 4 | especially | especially | ADV | _ | 5 scared | advmod |
| 5 | scared | scared | ADJ | Degree=Pos | root | root |
| 6 | of | of | ADP | _ | 7 mice | case |
| 7 | mice | mouse | NOUN | Number=Plur | 5 scared | obl |
| 8 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 13 startled | punct |
| 9 | in | in | ADP | _ | 10 tests | case |
| 10 | tests | test | NOUN | Number=Plur | 13 startled | obl |
| 11 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 13 startled | nsubj |
| 12 | were | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 13 startled | aux:pass |
| 13 | startled | startle | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 5 scared | parataxis |
| 14 | by | by | ADP | _ | 15 anything | case |
| 15 | anything | anything | PRON | Number=Sing PronType=Ind | 13 startled | obl |
| 16 | moving | move | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 15 anything | acl |
| 17 | suddenly | suddenly | ADV | _ | 16 moving | advmod |
| 18 | near | near | ADP | _ | 20 feet | case |
| 19 | their | their | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 20 feet | nmod:poss |
| 20 | feet | foot | NOUN | Number=Plur | 16 moving | obl |
| 21 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 25 wary | punct |
| 22 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 25 wary | cc |
| 23 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 25 wary | nsubj |
| 24 | are | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 25 wary | cop |
| 25 | wary | wary | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 13 startled | conj |
| 26 | of | of | ADP | _ | 27 bees | case |
| 27 | bees | bee | NOUN | Number=Plur | 25 wary | obl |
| 28 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 31 sting | punct |
| 29 | which | which | PRON | PronType=Rel | 31 sting | nsubj |
| 30 | can | can | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 31 sting | aux |
| 31 | sting | sting | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 27 bees | acl:relcl |
| 32 | inside | inside | ADP | _ | 34 trunk | case |
| 33 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 34 trunk | det |
| 34 | trunk | trunk | NOUN | Number=Sing | 31 sting | obl |
| 35 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 40 build | punct |
| 36 | so | so | ADV | _ | 40 build | advmod |
| 37 | farmers | farmer | NOUN | Number=Plur | 40 build | nsubj |
| 38 | in | in | ADP | _ | 39 Africa | case |
| 39 | Africa | Africa | PROPN | Number=Sing | 37 farmers | nmod |
| 40 | build | build | VERB | Mood=Ind Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 13 startled | parataxis |
| 41 | beehive | beehive | NOUN | Number=Sing | 42 fences | compound |
| 42 | fences | fence | NOUN | Number=Plur | 40 build | obj |
| 43 | to | to | PART | _ | 44 keep | mark |
| 44 | keep | keep | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 40 build | advcl |
| 45 | elephants | elephant | NOUN | Number=Plur | 44 keep | obj |
| 46 | off | off | ADP | _ | 47 crops | case |
| 47 | crops | crop | NOUN | Number=Plur | 44 keep | obl |
| 48 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 5 scared | punct |
Pragmatics
No stored speech act for this sentence.
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | not is | present | Elephants | of mice; especially, scared property | tree rules | ||||
| 2 | startle | past · passive | elephants = elephant | tests | by anything | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: subject=Experiencer | |||
| 3 | move | gerund | elephants's feet | suddenly property | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP V PP.trajectory»: agent=Theme near foot=Trajectory | ||||
| 4 | is | present | elephants = elephant | of bees; wary property | tree rules | ||||
| 5 | sting | can | bees | the trunk | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Experiencer | ||||
| 6 | build | present | farmers in Africa | beehive fences | vn build-26.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent fence=Product | ||||
| 7 | keep | to-infinitive | farmers in Africa not said here | elephants | off crops | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent elephant=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:295-animal-myths-put-right-elephants-and-mice-lemmings-ostriches-and-goldfish.lesson:5.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×2, R7-rel-agree ×3. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/295-animal-myths-put-right-elephants-and-mice-lemmings-ostriches-and-goldfish/5/