Animals in the news: true stories, fakes and how to read them, sentence 10
Since 2020 a small group of orcas near Spain and Portugal has been reported pushing and biting the rudders of sailing boats; scientists are not sure if it is play, a fashion in the group or something else, and no person has been hurt by them.
Who acts: scientists, group · What happens: report, push, bite, not be, be, hurt · To what, where: small group, rudders, play, person
This is a sentence of the lesson «Animals in the news: true stories, fakes and how to read them» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (scientists, group), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Since | since | ADP | _ | 2 2020 | case |
| 2 | 2020 | 2020 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 14 reported | obl |
| 3 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 5 group | det |
| 4 | small | small | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 5 group | amod |
| 5 | group | group | NOUN | Number=Sing | 14 reported | nsubj:pass |
| 6 | of | of | ADP | _ | 7 orcas | case |
| 7 | orcas | orca | NOUN | Number=Plur | 5 group | nmod |
| 8 | near | near | ADP | _ | 9 Spain | case |
| 9 | Spain | Spain | PROPN | Number=Sing | 7 orcas | nmod |
| 10 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 11 Portugal | cc |
| 11 | Portugal | Portugal | PROPN | Number=Sing | 9 Spain | conj |
| 12 | has | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 14 reported | aux |
| 13 | been | be | AUX | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 14 reported | aux:pass |
| 14 | reported | report | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | root | root |
| 15 | pushing | push | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 14 reported | xcomp |
| 16 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 17 biting | cc |
| 17 | biting | bite | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 15 pushing | conj |
| 18 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 19 rudders | det |
| 19 | rudders | rudder | NOUN | Number=Plur | 17 biting | obj |
| 20 | of | of | ADP | _ | 22 boats | case |
| 21 | sailing | sailing | NOUN | Number=Sing | 22 boats | compound |
| 22 | boats | boat | NOUN | Number=Plur | 19 rudders | nmod |
| 23 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 27 sure | punct |
| 24 | scientists | scientist | NOUN | Number=Plur | 27 sure | nsubj |
| 25 | are | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 27 sure | cop |
| 26 | not | not | PART | Polarity=Neg | 27 sure | advmod |
| 27 | sure | sure | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 14 reported | parataxis |
| 28 | if | if | SCONJ | _ | 31 play | mark |
| 29 | it | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 31 play | nsubj |
| 30 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 31 play | cop |
| 31 | play | play | NOUN | Number=Sing | 27 sure | ccomp |
| 32 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 34 fashion | punct |
| 33 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 34 fashion | det |
| 34 | fashion | fashion | NOUN | Number=Sing | 31 play | conj |
| 35 | in | in | ADP | _ | 37 group | case |
| 36 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 37 group | det |
| 37 | group | group | NOUN | Number=Sing | 34 fashion | nmod |
| 38 | or | or | CCONJ | _ | 39 something | cc |
| 39 | something | something | PRON | Number=Sing PronType=Ind | 34 fashion | conj |
| 40 | else | else | ADV | _ | 39 something | advmod |
| 41 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 47 hurt | punct |
| 42 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 47 hurt | cc |
| 43 | no | no | DET | PronType=Neg | 44 person | det |
| 44 | person | person | NOUN | Number=Sing | 47 hurt | nsubj:pass |
| 45 | has | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 47 hurt | aux |
| 46 | been | be | AUX | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 47 hurt | aux:pass |
| 47 | hurt | hurt | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 27 sure | conj |
| 48 | by | by | ADP | _ | 49 them | case |
| 49 | them | they | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 47 hurt | obl:agent |
| 50 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 14 reported | punct |
Pragmatics
No stored speech act for this sentence.
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | report | present · perfect · passive | a small group of orcas near Spain and Portugal | since 2020 | vn characterize-29.2-1-2 «NP V NP to be ADJ»: subject=Theme clause=Attribute | ||||
| 2 | push | gerund | vn push-12-1-1 «NP V PP»: agent=Agent | ||||||
| 3 | bite | gerund | the rudders of sailing boats | vn swat-18.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent rudder=Patient | |||||
| 4 | not is | present | scientists | sure property | tree rules | ||||
| 5 | is a a condition, not said to happen | present | group | play and a fashion in the group | tree rules | ||||
| 6 | hurt | present · perfect · passive | scientists = scientist | no person | vn hurt-40.8.3-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer subject=Patient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:296-animals-in-the-news-true-stories-fakes-and-how-to-read-them.lesson:10.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R2-punct-next ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/296-animals-in-the-news-true-stories-fakes-and-how-to-read-them/10/