Animals in the news: true stories, fakes and how to read them, sentence 9
New Caledonian crows bend wire into hooks and solve puzzles in several steps, and scientists film the tests so others can see it is real; crows can also recognise and remember people's faces.
Who acts: New crows, scientists, others, crow, crows · What happens: bend, solve, film, see, be, recognise · To what, where: wire, hooks, puzzles, tests, faces · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of the lesson «Animals in the news: true stories, fakes and how to read them» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (New crows, scientists, others, crow), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | New | New | PROPN | _ | 3 crows | compound |
| 2 | Caledonian | Caledonian | PROPN | Number=Sing | 1 New | flat |
| 3 | crows | crow | NOUN | Number=Plur | 4 bend | nsubj |
| 4 | bend | bend | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 5 | wire | wire | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 bend | obj |
| 6 | into | into | ADP | _ | 7 hooks | case |
| 7 | hooks | hook | NOUN | Number=Plur | 4 bend | obl |
| 8 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 9 solve | cc |
| 9 | solve | solve | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 4 bend | conj |
| 10 | puzzles | puzzle | NOUN | Number=Plur | 9 solve | obj |
| 11 | in | in | ADP | _ | 13 steps | case |
| 12 | several | several | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 13 steps | amod |
| 13 | steps | step | NOUN | Number=Plur | 9 solve | obl |
| 14 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 17 film | punct |
| 15 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 17 film | cc |
| 16 | scientists | scientist | NOUN | Number=Plur | 17 film | nsubj |
| 17 | film | film | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 4 bend | conj |
| 18 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 19 tests | det |
| 19 | tests | test | NOUN | Number=Plur | 17 film | obj |
| 20 | so | so | SCONJ | _ | 23 see | mark |
| 21 | others | other | NOUN | Number=Plur | 23 see | nsubj |
| 22 | can | can | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 23 see | aux |
| 23 | see | see | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 17 film | advcl |
| 24 | it | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 26 real | nsubj |
| 25 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 26 real | cop |
| 26 | real | real | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 23 see | ccomp |
| 27 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 31 recognise | punct |
| 28 | crows | crow | NOUN | Number=Plur | 31 recognise | nsubj |
| 29 | can | can | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 31 recognise | aux |
| 30 | also | also | ADV | _ | 31 recognise | advmod |
| 31 | recognise | recognise | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 4 bend | conj |
| 32 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 33 remember | cc |
| 33 | remember | remember | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 31 recognise | conj |
| 34 | people | people | NOUN | Number=Plur | 36 faces | nmod:poss |
| 35 | 's | 's | PART | _ | 34 people | case |
| 36 | faces | face | NOUN | Number=Plur | 33 remember | obj |
| 37 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 4 bend | punct |
Pragmatics
No stored speech act for this sentence.
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | bend | present | New crows | wire | hooks | vn knead-26.5 «NP V NP.material PP.product»: agent=Agent wire=Material into hook=Product | |||
| 2 | solve | present | New crows not said here | puzzles | in several steps | vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent puzzle=Topic | |||
| 3 | film | present | scientists | the tests | vn transcribe-25.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent test=Theme | ||||
| 4 | see | can | others | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer | |||||
| 5 | is | present | crow | real property | tree rules | ||||
| 6 | recognise | can | crows | vn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Experiencer | |||||
| 7 | remember | infinitive | crows not said here | people's faces | vn characterize-29.2-1-1 «NP V NP S_ING»: agent=Agent face=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:296-animals-in-the-news-true-stories-fakes-and-how-to-read-them.lesson:9.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R1-cc-next ×3. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/296-animals-in-the-news-true-stories-fakes-and-how-to-read-them/9/