Animals in the news: true stories, fakes and how to read them, sentence 8
After almost every big flood a fake picture of a shark swimming in a street spreads online; it is usually the same old edited photo, and checking where it first appeared shows it is fake.
Who acts: shark, fake picture, picture, it, checking · What happens: swim, spread, edit, be, check, appear · To what, where: street, same old edited photo · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of the lesson «Animals in the news: true stories, fakes and how to read them» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (shark, fake picture, picture, it), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | After | after | ADP | _ | 5 flood | case |
| 2 | almost | almost | ADV | _ | 5 flood | advmod |
| 3 | every | every | DET | PronType=Tot | 5 flood | det |
| 4 | big | big | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 5 flood | amod |
| 5 | flood | flood | NOUN | Number=Sing | 16 spreads | obl |
| 6 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 8 picture | det |
| 7 | fake | fake | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 8 picture | amod |
| 8 | picture | picture | NOUN | Number=Sing | 16 spreads | nsubj |
| 9 | of | of | ADP | _ | 11 shark | case |
| 10 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 11 shark | det |
| 11 | shark | shark | NOUN | Number=Sing | 8 picture | nmod |
| 12 | swimming | swim | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 11 shark | acl |
| 13 | in | in | ADP | _ | 15 street | case |
| 14 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 15 street | det |
| 15 | street | street | NOUN | Number=Sing | 12 swimming | obl |
| 16 | spreads | spread | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 17 | online | online | ADV | _ | 16 spreads | advmod |
| 18 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 16 spreads | punct |
| 19 | it | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 26 photo | nsubj |
| 20 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 26 photo | cop |
| 21 | usually | usually | ADV | _ | 26 photo | advmod |
| 22 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 26 photo | det |
| 23 | same | same | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 26 photo | amod |
| 24 | old | old | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 26 photo | amod |
| 25 | edited | edit | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 26 photo | amod |
| 26 | photo | photo | NOUN | Number=Sing | 16 spreads | parataxis |
| 27 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 26 photo | punct |
| 28 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 34 shows | cc |
| 29 | checking | check | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 34 shows | csubj |
| 30 | where | where | ADV | PronType=Rel | 33 appeared | advmod |
| 31 | it | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 33 appeared | nsubj |
| 32 | first | first | ADV | NumForm=Word NumType=Ord | 33 appeared | advmod |
| 33 | appeared | appear | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 29 checking | advcl |
| 34 | shows | show | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 26 photo | conj |
| 35 | it | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 37 fake | nsubj |
| 36 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 37 fake | cop |
| 37 | fake | fake | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 34 shows | ccomp |
| 38 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 16 spreads | punct |
Pragmatics
- form
- statement
- act
- assert
- voice
- narrator
- polarity
- none
- teacher
- changed act=assert
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | swim | gerund | a shark not said here | a street | vn run-51.3.2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in street=Trajectory | ||||
| 2 | spread | present | a fake picture of a shark | after every big flood | online property | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | |||
| 3 | edit | participle | tree rules | ||||||
| 4 | is a | present | picture | the same old edited photo | usually property | tree rules | |||
| 5 | check | gerund | vn assessment-34.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent | ||||||
| 6 | appear | past | it | first property | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | ||||
| 7 | show | present | checking | vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 8 | is | present | picture | fake property | tree rules |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:296-animals-in-the-news-true-stories-fakes-and-how-to-read-them.lesson:8.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R1-cc-next ×1, R5-strong ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/296-animals-in-the-news-true-stories-fakes-and-how-to-read-them/8/