The future of life: de-extinction, climate, coral and frozen zoos, sentence 13
Green bridges are bridges over roads covered with soil and plants; they let deer, bears and other animals cross safely, and in Canada's Banff National Park they cut the number of animals killed on the road sharply; on Christmas Island, where millions of red crabs cross the roads each year, the crabs have their own small bridges so they are not squashed.
Who acts: Green bridges, bridges, other animals, animals, millions, crabs · What happens: be, cover, let, cross, cut, kill · To what, where: bridges, roads, deer, number, Banff National Park, animals
This is a sentence of the lesson «The future of life: de-extinction, climate, coral and frozen zoos» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Green bridges, bridges, other animals, animals), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Green | green | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 2 bridges | amod |
| 2 | bridges | bridge | NOUN | Number=Plur | 4 bridges | nsubj |
| 3 | are | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 4 bridges | cop |
| 4 | bridges | bridge | NOUN | Number=Plur | root | root |
| 5 | over | over | ADP | _ | 6 roads | case |
| 6 | roads | road | NOUN | Number=Plur | 4 bridges | nmod |
| 7 | covered | cover | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 6 roads | acl |
| 8 | with | with | ADP | _ | 9 soil | case |
| 9 | soil | soil | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 covered | obl |
| 10 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 11 plants | cc |
| 11 | plants | plant | NOUN | Number=Plur | 9 soil | conj |
| 12 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 14 let | punct |
| 13 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 14 let | nsubj |
| 14 | let | let | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 4 bridges | parataxis |
| 15 | deer | deer | NOUN | Number=Plur | 14 let | obj |
| 16 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 17 bears | punct |
| 17 | bears | bear | NOUN | Number=Plur | 15 deer | conj |
| 18 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 21 cross | cc |
| 19 | other | other | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 20 animals | amod |
| 20 | animals | animal | NOUN | Number=Plur | 21 cross | nsubj |
| 21 | cross | cross | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 14 let | conj |
| 22 | safely | safely | ADV | Degree=Pos | 21 cross | advmod |
| 23 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 32 cut | punct |
| 24 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 32 cut | cc |
| 25 | in | in | ADP | _ | 30 Park | case |
| 26 | Canada | Canada | PROPN | Number=Sing | 30 Park | nmod:poss |
| 27 | 's | 's | PART | _ | 26 Canada | case |
| 28 | Banff | Banff | PROPN | Number=Sing | 30 Park | compound |
| 29 | National | National | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 30 Park | amod |
| 30 | Park | Park | PROPN | Number=Sing | 32 cut | obl |
| 31 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 32 cut | nsubj |
| 32 | cut | cut | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 14 let | parataxis |
| 33 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 34 number | det |
| 34 | number | number | NOUN | Number=Sing | 32 cut | obj |
| 35 | of | of | ADP | _ | 36 animals | case |
| 36 | animals | animal | NOUN | Number=Plur | 34 number | nmod |
| 37 | killed | kill | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 36 animals | acl |
| 38 | on | on | ADP | _ | 40 road | case |
| 39 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 40 road | det |
| 40 | road | road | NOUN | Number=Sing | 37 killed | obl |
| 41 | sharply | sharply | ADV | Degree=Pos | 37 killed | advmod |
| 42 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 45 Island | punct |
| 43 | on | on | ADP | _ | 45 Island | case |
| 44 | Christmas | Christmas | PROPN | Number=Sing | 45 Island | compound |
| 45 | Island | Island | PROPN | Number=Sing | 32 cut | obl |
| 46 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 52 cross | punct |
| 47 | where | where | ADV | PronType=Rel | 52 cross | advmod |
| 48 | millions | million | NOUN | Number=Plur | 52 cross | nsubj |
| 49 | of | of | ADP | _ | 51 crabs | case |
| 50 | red | red | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 51 crabs | amod |
| 51 | crabs | crab | NOUN | Number=Plur | 48 millions | nmod |
| 52 | cross | cross | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 45 Island | acl:relcl |
| 53 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 54 roads | det |
| 54 | roads | road | NOUN | Number=Plur | 52 cross | obj |
| 55 | each | each | DET | PronType=Tot | 56 year | det |
| 56 | year | year | NOUN | Number=Sing | 52 cross | obl:unmarked |
| 57 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 60 have | punct |
| 58 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 59 crabs | det |
| 59 | crabs | crab | NOUN | Number=Plur | 60 have | nsubj |
| 60 | have | have | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 52 cross | parataxis |
| 61 | their | their | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 64 bridges | nmod:poss |
| 62 | own | own | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 64 bridges | amod |
| 63 | small | small | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 64 bridges | amod |
| 64 | bridges | bridge | NOUN | Number=Plur | 60 have | obj |
| 65 | so | so | ADV | _ | 69 squashed | advmod |
| 66 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 69 squashed | nsubj:pass |
| 67 | are | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 69 squashed | aux:pass |
| 68 | not | not | PART | Polarity=Neg | 69 squashed | advmod |
| 69 | squashed | squash | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 60 have | xcomp |
| 70 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 4 bridges | punct |
Pragmatics
No stored speech act for this sentence.
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is a | present | Green bridges | bridges | roads | tree rules | |||
| 2 | cover | participle | roads not said here | with soil and plants | vn fill-9.8-1 «NP V NP PP.theme»: agent=Agent with soil=Theme | ||||
| 3 | let | past | bridges = bridge | deer and bears | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent deer=Theme | ||||
| 4 | cross | present | other animals | safely property | vn contiguous_location-47.8-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | ||||
| 5 | cut | past | animals = animal | the number of animals | Canada's Banff National Park | on Christmas Island | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset number=Product | ||
| 6 | kill | participle | animals not said here | the road | sharply property | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Experiencer | |||
| 7 | cross | present | millions of red crabs | the roads | year | vn crane-40.3.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent road=Patient | |||
| 8 | have | present | the crabs | animals's own small bridges | tree rules | ||||
| 9 | not squash | present · passive | animals = animal | vn carve-21.2-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:297-the-future-of-life-de-extinction-climate-coral-and-frozen-zoos.lesson:13.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×2, R7-rel-agree ×2. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/297-the-future-of-life-de-extinction-climate-coral-and-frozen-zoos/13/