The future of life: de-extinction, climate, coral and frozen zoos, sentence 14

Scientists can grow meat from animal cells in tanks without raising whole animals; it is sold in a few countries, it could use less land, but it is still expensive.

Who acts: Scientists, meat · What happens: grow, raise, sell, use, be · To what, where: meat, animal cells, whole animals, few countries, less land

This is a sentence of the lesson «The future of life: de-extinction, climate, coral and frozen zoos» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Scientists, meat), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Scientists	scientist	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 grow	nsubj
2	can	can	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	3 grow	aux
3	grow	grow	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
4	meat	meat	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 grow	obj
5	from	from	ADP	_	7 cells	case
6	animal	animal	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 cells	compound
7	cells	cell	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 grow	obl
8	in	in	ADP	_	9 tanks	case
9	tanks	tank	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 grow	obl
10	without	without	SCONJ	_	11 raising	mark
11	raising	raise	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	3 grow	advcl
12	whole	whole	ADJ	Degree=Pos	13 animals	amod
13	animals	animal	NOUN	Number=Plur	11 raising	obj
14	;	;	PUNCT	_	17 sold	punct
15	it	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	17 sold	nsubj:pass
16	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	17 sold	aux:pass
17	sold	sell	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	3 grow	parataxis
18	in	in	ADP	_	21 countries	case
19	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	21 countries	det
20	few	few	ADJ	Degree=Pos	21 countries	amod
21	countries	country	NOUN	Number=Plur	17 sold	obl
22	,	,	PUNCT	_	25 use	punct
23	it	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	25 use	nsubj
24	could	could	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	25 use	aux
25	use	use	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	17 sold	conj
26	less	less	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	27 land	amod
27	land	land	NOUN	Number=Sing	25 use	obj
28	,	,	PUNCT	_	33 expensive	punct
29	but	but	CCONJ	_	33 expensive	cc
30	it	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	33 expensive	nsubj
31	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	33 expensive	cop
32	still	still	ADV	_	33 expensive	advmod
33	expensive	expensive	ADJ	Degree=Pos	17 sold	conj
34	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 grow	punct

Pragmatics

No stored speech act for this sentence.

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	grow	can	Scientists	meat	animal cells		in tanks	vn calibratable_cos-45.6.1-1 «NP.patient V PP.attribute NP.extent PP.source PP.goal»: agent=Patient meat=Extent from cell=Initial_State in tank=Attribute
2	raise	gerund	Scientists not said here	whole animals				vn put_direction-9.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent animal=Theme
3	sell	present · passive		meat	a few countries			vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme
4	use	could	meat	less land				vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent land=Patient
5	is	present	meat			still	expensive property	tree rules

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:297-the-future-of-life-de-extinction-climate-coral-and-frozen-zoos.lesson:14.

The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the release 0.4.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/297-the-future-of-life-de-extinction-climate-coral-and-frozen-zoos/14/