The big biology quiz, part 1: habitats and animals, sentence 13
Camouflage is colours and shapes that help an animal hide, like a polar bear in snow or a leaf insect on a twig; some animals, like wasps, do the opposite and show bright warning colours.
Who acts: Camouflage, colours, animal, animals · What happens: be, help, hide, do, show · To what, where: colours, opposite, bright warning colours
This is a sentence of the lesson «The big biology quiz, part 1: habitats and animals» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Camouflage, colours, animal, animals), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Camouflage | camouflage | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 colours | nsubj |
| 2 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 3 colours | cop |
| 3 | colours | colour | NOUN | Number=Plur | root | root |
| 4 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 5 shapes | cc |
| 5 | shapes | shape | NOUN | Number=Plur | 3 colours | conj |
| 6 | that | that | PRON | PronType=Rel | 7 help | nsubj |
| 7 | help | help | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 3 colours | acl:relcl |
| 8 | an | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 9 animal | det |
| 9 | animal | animal | NOUN | Number=Sing | 10 hide | nsubj |
| 10 | hide | hide | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 7 help | xcomp |
| 11 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 15 bear | punct |
| 12 | like | like | ADP | _ | 15 bear | case |
| 13 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 15 bear | det |
| 14 | polar | polar | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 15 bear | amod |
| 15 | bear | bear | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 help | parataxis |
| 16 | in | in | ADP | _ | 17 snow | case |
| 17 | snow | snow | NOUN | Number=Sing | 15 bear | nmod |
| 18 | or | or | CCONJ | _ | 21 insect | cc |
| 19 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 21 insect | det |
| 20 | leaf | leaf | NOUN | Number=Sing | 21 insect | compound |
| 21 | insect | insect | NOUN | Number=Sing | 15 bear | conj |
| 22 | on | on | ADP | _ | 24 twig | case |
| 23 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 24 twig | det |
| 24 | twig | twig | NOUN | Number=Sing | 21 insect | nmod |
| 25 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 27 animals | punct |
| 26 | some | some | DET | PronType=Ind | 27 animals | det |
| 27 | animals | animal | NOUN | Number=Plur | 32 do | nsubj |
| 28 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 27 animals | punct |
| 29 | like | like | ADP | _ | 30 wasps | case |
| 30 | wasps | wasp | NOUN | Number=Plur | 27 animals | nmod |
| 31 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 27 animals | punct |
| 32 | do | do | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 3 colours | parataxis |
| 33 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 34 opposite | det |
| 34 | opposite | opposite | NOUN | Number=Sing | 32 do | obj |
| 35 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 36 show | cc |
| 36 | show | show | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 32 do | conj |
| 37 | bright | bright | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 39 colours | amod |
| 38 | warning | warning | NOUN | Number=Sing | 39 colours | compound |
| 39 | colours | colour | NOUN | Number=Plur | 36 show | obj |
| 40 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 colours | punct |
Pragmatics
No stored speech act for this sentence.
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is a | present | Camouflage | colours and shapes | tree rules | ||||
| 2 | help | present | colours and shapes | vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V NP S_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Theme | |||||
| 3 | hide | infinitive | a animal | vn concealment-16-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 4 | do | present | some animals like wasps | the opposite | vn act-114-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent opposite=Eventuality | ||||
| 5 | show | present | some animals like wasps not said here | bright warning colours | vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent colour=Recipient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:298-the-big-biology-quiz-part-1-habitats-and-animals.lesson:13.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R6-punct-agree ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/298-the-big-biology-quiz-part-1-habitats-and-animals/13/