The big biology quiz, part 1: habitats and animals, sentence 15

Some animals hibernate through winter when food is scarce, slowing their heart and breathing to save energy; hedgehogs, dormice and many bats hibernate, while bears sleep deeply but less deeply than true hibernators.

Who acts: animals, food, hedgehogs, bears · What happens: hibernate, be, slow, breathe, save, sleep · To what, where: heart, energy

This is a sentence of the lesson «The big biology quiz, part 1: habitats and animals» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (animals, food, hedgehogs, bears), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Some	some	DET	PronType=Ind	2 animals	det
2	animals	animal	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 hibernate	nsubj
3	hibernate	hibernate	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	through	through	ADP	_	5 winter	case
5	winter	winter	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 hibernate	obl
6	when	when	SCONJ	_	9 scarce	mark
7	food	food	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 scarce	nsubj
8	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	9 scarce	cop
9	scarce	scarce	ADJ	Degree=Pos	3 hibernate	advcl
10	,	,	PUNCT	_	11 slowing	punct
11	slowing	slow	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	3 hibernate	advcl
12	their	their	PRON	Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	13 heart	nmod:poss
13	heart	heart	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 slowing	obj
14	and	and	CCONJ	_	15 breathing	cc
15	breathing	breathe	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	11 slowing	conj
16	to	to	PART	_	17 save	mark
17	save	save	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	15 breathing	xcomp
18	energy	energy	NOUN	Number=Sing	17 save	obj
19	;	;	PUNCT	_	20 hedgehogs	punct
20	hedgehogs	hedgehog	NOUN	Number=Plur	26 hibernate	nsubj
21	,	,	PUNCT	_	22 dormice	punct
22	dormice	dormouse	NOUN	Number=Plur	20 hedgehogs	conj
23	and	and	CCONJ	_	25 bats	cc
24	many	many	ADJ	Degree=Pos	25 bats	amod
25	bats	bat	NOUN	Number=Plur	20 hedgehogs	conj
26	hibernate	hibernate	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 hibernate	conj
27	,	,	PUNCT	_	30 sleep	punct
28	while	while	SCONJ	_	30 sleep	mark
29	bears	bear	NOUN	Number=Plur	30 sleep	nsubj
30	sleep	sleep	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	26 hibernate	advcl
31	deeply	deeply	ADV	_	30 sleep	advmod
32	but	but	CCONJ	_	34 deeply	cc
33	less	less	ADV	Degree=Cmp	34 deeply	advmod
34	deeply	deeply	ADV	_	31 deeply	conj
35	than	than	ADP	_	37 hibernators	case
36	true	true	ADJ	Degree=Pos	37 hibernators	amod
37	hibernators	hibernator	NOUN	Number=Plur	34 deeply	obl
38	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 hibernate	punct

Pragmatics

No stored speech act for this sentence.

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	when	other	roles by
1	hibernate	present	some animals		winter		vn fit-54.3 «NP.location V NP»: agent=Location
2	is	present	food			scarce property	tree rules
3	slow	gerund	some animals not said here	animals's heart			vn other_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent heart=Patient
4	breathe	gerund	some animals not said here				tree rules
5	save	to-infinitive	some animals not said here	energy			vn get-13.5.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent energy=Theme
6	hibernate	present	hedgehogs and dormice and many bats				vn fit-54.3 «NP.location V NP»: agent=Location
7	sleep	present	bears			deeply property	vn snooze-40.4-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:298-the-big-biology-quiz-part-1-habitats-and-animals.lesson:15.

The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the release 0.4.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/298-the-big-biology-quiz-part-1-habitats-and-animals/15/