The big biology quiz, part 2: plants, the body and microbes, sentence 12
A vaccine shows the body a harmless copy or part of a germ, so the body learns to fight it and is ready if the real germ comes; vaccines wiped out smallpox and have saved hundreds of millions of lives.
Who acts: vaccine, body, real germ, vaccines · What happens: show, learn, fight, be, come, wipe out · To what, where: harmless copy, body, smallpox, hundreds
This is a sentence of the lesson «The big biology quiz, part 2: plants, the body and microbes» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (vaccine, body, real germ, vaccines), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | A | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 2 vaccine | det |
| 2 | vaccine | vaccine | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 shows | nsubj |
| 3 | shows | show | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 4 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 5 body | det |
| 5 | body | body | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 shows | iobj |
| 6 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 8 copy | det |
| 7 | harmless | harmless | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 8 copy | amod |
| 8 | copy | copy | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 shows | obj |
| 9 | or | or | CCONJ | _ | 10 part | cc |
| 10 | part | part | NOUN | Number=Sing | 8 copy | conj |
| 11 | of | of | ADP | _ | 13 germ | case |
| 12 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 13 germ | det |
| 13 | germ | germ | NOUN | Number=Sing | 10 part | nmod |
| 14 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 18 learns | punct |
| 15 | so | so | ADV | _ | 18 learns | advmod |
| 16 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 17 body | det |
| 17 | body | body | NOUN | Number=Sing | 18 learns | nsubj |
| 18 | learns | learn | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 3 shows | parataxis |
| 19 | to | to | PART | _ | 20 fight | mark |
| 20 | fight | fight | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 18 learns | xcomp |
| 21 | it | it | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 20 fight | obj |
| 22 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 24 ready | cc |
| 23 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 24 ready | cop |
| 24 | ready | ready | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 18 learns | conj |
| 25 | if | if | SCONJ | _ | 29 comes | mark |
| 26 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 28 germ | det |
| 27 | real | real | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 28 germ | amod |
| 28 | germ | germ | NOUN | Number=Sing | 29 comes | nsubj |
| 29 | comes | come | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 24 ready | advcl |
| 30 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 31 vaccines | punct |
| 31 | vaccines | vaccine | NOUN | Number=Plur | 32 wiped | nsubj |
| 32 | wiped | wipe | VERB | Mood=Ind Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 3 shows | parataxis |
| 33 | out | out | ADP | _ | 32 wiped | compound:prt |
| 34 | smallpox | smallpox | NOUN | Number=Sing | 32 wiped | obj |
| 35 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 37 saved | cc |
| 36 | have | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 37 saved | aux |
| 37 | saved | save | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 32 wiped | conj |
| 38 | hundreds | hundred | NOUN | Number=Plur | 37 saved | obj |
| 39 | of | of | ADP | _ | 40 millions | case |
| 40 | millions | million | NOUN | Number=Plur | 38 hundreds | nmod |
| 41 | of | of | ADP | _ | 42 lives | case |
| 42 | lives | life | NOUN | Number=Plur | 40 millions | nmod |
| 43 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 shows | punct |
Pragmatics
No stored speech act for this sentence.
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | show | present | a vaccine | a harmless copy or part of a germ | the body | vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP-Dative NP»: agent=Agent body=Recipient copy=Topic | |||
| 2 | learn | present | the body | vn learn-14-2-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | |||||
| 3 | fight | to-infinitive | the body not said here | body | vn battle-36.4-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent it=Co-Agent | ||||
| 4 | is | present | the body not said here | ready property | tree rules | ||||
| 5 | come a condition, not said to happen | present | the real germ | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | |||||
| 6 | wipe out | past | vaccines | smallpox | vn wipe_manner-10.4.1-1 «NP V NP.source»: agent=Agent smallpox=Source | ||||
| 7 | save | present · perfect | vaccines not said here | hundreds of millions of lives | vn get-13.5.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent hundred=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:299-the-big-biology-quiz-part-2-plants-the-body-and-microbes.lesson:12.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R7-rel-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/299-the-big-biology-quiz-part-2-plants-the-body-and-microbes/12/