The big biology quiz, part 2: plants, the body and microbes, sentence 7
Mushrooms are fungi, a kingdom of their own; fungi cannot make food from sunlight and are closer to animals than to plants, and many wild mushrooms are deadly, so never pick them to eat.
Who acts: Mushrooms, fungi, many wild mushrooms · What happens: be, not make, not pick, eat · To what, where: fungi, food, sunlight, mushrooms
This is a sentence of the lesson «The big biology quiz, part 2: plants, the body and microbes» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Mushrooms, fungi, many wild mushrooms), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Mushrooms | mushroom | NOUN | Number=Plur | 3 fungi | nsubj |
| 2 | are | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 3 fungi | cop |
| 3 | fungi | fungi | NOUN | Number=Plur | root | root |
| 4 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 6 kingdom | punct |
| 5 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 6 kingdom | det |
| 6 | kingdom | kingdom | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 fungi | appos |
| 7 | of | of | ADP | _ | 9 own | case |
| 8 | their | their | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 9 own | nmod:poss |
| 9 | own | own | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 6 kingdom | nmod |
| 10 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 14 make | punct |
| 11 | fungi | fungi | NOUN | Number=Plur | 14 make | nsubj |
| 12 | can | can | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 14 make | aux |
| 13 | not | not | PART | Polarity=Neg | 14 make | advmod |
| 14 | make | make | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 3 fungi | parataxis |
| 15 | food | food | NOUN | Number=Sing | 14 make | obj |
| 16 | from | from | ADP | _ | 17 sunlight | case |
| 17 | sunlight | sunlight | NOUN | Number=Sing | 14 make | obl |
| 18 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 20 closer | cc |
| 19 | are | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 20 closer | cop |
| 20 | closer | close | ADJ | Degree=Cmp | 3 fungi | conj |
| 21 | to | to | ADP | _ | 22 animals | case |
| 22 | animals | animal | NOUN | Number=Plur | 20 closer | obl |
| 23 | than | than | ADP | _ | 25 plants | case |
| 24 | to | to | ADP | _ | 25 plants | case |
| 25 | plants | plant | NOUN | Number=Plur | 20 closer | obl |
| 26 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 32 deadly | punct |
| 27 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 32 deadly | cc |
| 28 | many | many | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 30 mushrooms | amod |
| 29 | wild | wild | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 30 mushrooms | amod |
| 30 | mushrooms | mushroom | NOUN | Number=Plur | 32 deadly | nsubj |
| 31 | are | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 32 deadly | cop |
| 32 | deadly | deadly | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 3 fungi | conj |
| 33 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 36 pick | punct |
| 34 | so | so | ADV | _ | 36 pick | advmod |
| 35 | never | never | ADV | PronType=Neg | 36 pick | advmod |
| 36 | pick | pick | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 32 deadly | conj |
| 37 | them | they | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 36 pick | obj |
| 38 | to | to | PART | _ | 39 eat | mark |
| 39 | eat | eat | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 36 pick | xcomp |
| 40 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 fungi | punct |
Pragmatics
No stored speech act for this sentence.
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is a | present | Mushrooms | fungi | tree rules | ||||
| 2 | not make | can | fungi | food | sunlight | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V PP»: agent=Asset food=Product from sunlight=Material | |||
| 3 | is | present | Mushrooms not said here | to animals; than plants; close property | tree rules | ||||
| 4 | is | present | many wild mushrooms | deadly property | tree rules | ||||
| 5 | not pick | infinitive | many wild mushrooms not said here | mushrooms = mushroom | tree rules | ||||
| 6 | eat | to-infinitive | many wild mushrooms not said here | vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:299-the-big-biology-quiz-part-2-plants-the-body-and-microbes.lesson:7.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R3-conj-first ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1, R8-pos-agree ×2. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/299-the-big-biology-quiz-part-2-plants-the-body-and-microbes/7/