The rainforest from below: understorey and forest floor, sentence 1
It is so dark at midday that a camera needs a torch, and because so little light gets through, the floor is often surprisingly easy to walk across, except where a giant tree has fallen and let the sun in.
Who acts: cent, camera, little light, floor, giant tree · What happens: be, need, get through, walk, fall, let in · To what, where: midday, torch, sun
This is a sentence of the lesson «The rainforest from below: understorey and forest floor» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (cent, camera, little light, floor), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | It | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 4 dark | nsubj |
| 2 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 4 dark | cop |
| 3 | so | so | ADV | _ | 4 dark | advmod |
| 4 | dark | dark | ADJ | Degree=Pos | root | root |
| 5 | at | at | ADP | _ | 6 midday | case |
| 6 | midday | midday | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 dark | obl |
| 7 | that | that | SCONJ | _ | 10 needs | mark |
| 8 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 9 camera | det |
| 9 | camera | camera | NOUN | Number=Sing | 10 needs | nsubj |
| 10 | needs | need | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 4 dark | advcl |
| 11 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 12 torch | det |
| 12 | torch | torch | NOUN | Number=Sing | 10 needs | obj |
| 13 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 27 easy | punct |
| 14 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 27 easy | cc |
| 15 | because | because | SCONJ | _ | 19 gets | mark |
| 16 | so | so | ADV | _ | 17 little | advmod |
| 17 | little | little | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 18 light | amod |
| 18 | light | light | NOUN | Number=Sing | 19 gets | nsubj |
| 19 | gets | get | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 27 easy | advcl |
| 20 | through | through | ADV | _ | 19 gets | advmod |
| 21 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 19 gets | punct |
| 22 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 23 floor | det |
| 23 | floor | floor | NOUN | Number=Sing | 27 easy | nsubj |
| 24 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 27 easy | cop |
| 25 | often | often | ADV | _ | 27 easy | advmod |
| 26 | surprisingly | surprisingly | ADV | _ | 27 easy | advmod |
| 27 | easy | easy | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 4 dark | conj |
| 28 | to | to | PART | _ | 29 walk | mark |
| 29 | walk | walk | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 27 easy | xcomp |
| 30 | across | across | ADV | _ | 29 walk | advmod |
| 31 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 38 fallen | punct |
| 32 | except | except | ADP | _ | 38 fallen | mark |
| 33 | where | where | ADV | PronType=Rel | 38 fallen | advmod |
| 34 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 36 tree | det |
| 35 | giant | giant | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 36 tree | amod |
| 36 | tree | tree | NOUN | Number=Sing | 38 fallen | nsubj |
| 37 | has | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 38 fallen | aux |
| 38 | fallen | fall | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 4 dark | parataxis |
| 39 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 40 let | cc |
| 40 | let | let | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 38 fallen | conj |
| 41 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 42 sun | det |
| 42 | sun | sun | NOUN | Number=Sing | 40 let | obj |
| 43 | in | in | ADP | _ | 40 let | compound:prt |
| 44 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 4 dark | punct |
Pragmatics
- form
- statement
- act
- assert
- voice
- narrator
- polarity
- none
- teacher
- kept the draft
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is | present | cent | midday | dark property | tree rules | |||
| 2 | need | present | a camera | a torch | vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP ADV»: agent=Pivot torch=Theme | ||||
| 3 | get through | present | little light | through property | vn cope-83-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | ||||
| 4 | is | present | the floor | easy, often, surprisingly property | tree rules | ||||
| 5 | walk | to-infinitive | the floor not said here | across property | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | ||||
| 6 | fall | present · perfect | a giant tree | vn occur-48.3 «NP V»: agent=Theme | |||||
| 7 | let in | infinitive | a giant tree not said here | the sun | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent sun=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:003-the-rainforest-from-below.lesson:1.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R7-rel-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/3-the-rainforest-from-below/1/