The rainforest from below: understorey and forest floor, sentence 18

Giant African land snails can grow shells about 20 cm long and are a serious pest outside Africa, so keeping or releasing them is banned in places like the USA.

Who acts: Giant African land snails, keeping · What happens: grow, be, keep, release, ban · To what, where: shells, serious pest, places

This is a sentence of the lesson «The rainforest from below: understorey and forest floor» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Giant African land snails, keeping), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Giant	giant	ADJ	Degree=Pos	4 snails	amod
2	African	African	ADJ	Degree=Pos	4 snails	amod
3	land	land	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 snails	compound
4	snails	snail	NOUN	Number=Plur	6 grow	nsubj
5	can	can	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	6 grow	aux
6	grow	grow	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
7	shells	shell	NOUN	Number=Plur	6 grow	obj
8	about	about	ADV	_	9 20	advmod
9	20	20	NUM	NumForm=Digit NumType=Card	10 cm	nummod
10	cm	cm	NOUN	Number=Plur	11 long	obl:unmarked
11	long	long	ADJ	Degree=Pos	7 shells	amod
12	and	and	CCONJ	_	16 pest	cc
13	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	16 pest	cop
14	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	16 pest	det
15	serious	serious	ADJ	Degree=Pos	16 pest	amod
16	pest	pest	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 grow	conj
17	outside	outside	ADP	_	18 Africa	case
18	Africa	Africa	PROPN	Number=Sing	16 pest	nmod
19	,	,	PUNCT	_	26 banned	punct
20	so	so	ADV	_	26 banned	advmod
21	keeping	keep	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	26 banned	csubj:pass
22	or	or	CCONJ	_	23 releasing	cc
23	releasing	release	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	21 keeping	conj
24	them	they	PRON	Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	23 releasing	obj
25	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	26 banned	aux:pass
26	banned	ban	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	6 grow	parataxis
27	in	in	ADP	_	28 places	case
28	places	place	NOUN	Number=Plur	26 banned	obl
29	like	like	ADP	_	31 USA	case
30	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	31 USA	det
31	USA	USA	PROPN	Number=Sing	28 places	nmod
32	.	.	PUNCT	_	6 grow	punct

Pragmatics

form: statement
act: assert
voice: narrator
polarity: none
teacher: kept the draft

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	other	roles by
1	grow	can	Giant African land snails	shells			vn appear-48.1.1 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location shell=Theme
2	is a	present	Giant African land snails not said here	a serious pest		outside Africa	tree rules
3	keep	gerund					vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent
4	release	gerund		shells = shell			vn free-10.6.3-1 «NP V NP S_ING»: agent=Causer they=Source
5	ban	present · passive	keeping		places like the USA		vn forbid-64.4-1 «NP V S_ING»

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:003-the-rainforest-from-below.lesson:18.

The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R7-rel-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the release 0.4.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/3-the-rainforest-from-below/18/