The rainforest from below: understorey and forest floor, sentence 6
Jaguars rest in trees, swim well and hunt capybaras, caimans, turtles and fish; they are the only big cats in the Americas and have the strongest bite for their size of any big cat.
Who acts: Jaguars, trees · What happens: rest, swim, hunt, be, have · To what, where: trees, capybaras, only big cats, Americas, strongest bite
This is a sentence of the lesson «The rainforest from below: understorey and forest floor» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Jaguars, trees), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Jaguars | jaguar | PROPN | Number=Plur | 2 rest | nsubj |
| 2 | rest | rest | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 3 | in | in | ADP | _ | 4 trees | case |
| 4 | trees | tree | NOUN | Number=Plur | 2 rest | obl |
| 5 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 6 swim | punct |
| 6 | swim | swim | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 2 rest | conj |
| 7 | well | well | ADV | Degree=Pos | 6 swim | advmod |
| 8 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 9 hunt | cc |
| 9 | hunt | hunt | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 2 rest | conj |
| 10 | capybaras | capybara | NOUN | Number=Plur | 9 hunt | obj |
| 11 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 12 caimans | punct |
| 12 | caimans | caiman | NOUN | Number=Plur | 10 capybaras | conj |
| 13 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 14 turtles | punct |
| 14 | turtles | turtle | NOUN | Number=Plur | 10 capybaras | conj |
| 15 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 16 fish | cc |
| 16 | fish | fish | NOUN | Number=Plur | 10 capybaras | conj |
| 17 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 23 cats | punct |
| 18 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 23 cats | nsubj |
| 19 | are | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 23 cats | cop |
| 20 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 23 cats | det |
| 21 | only | only | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 23 cats | amod |
| 22 | big | big | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 23 cats | amod |
| 23 | cats | cat | NOUN | Number=Plur | 2 rest | parataxis |
| 24 | in | in | ADP | _ | 26 Americas | case |
| 25 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 26 Americas | det |
| 26 | Americas | Americas | PROPN | Number=Plur | 23 cats | nmod |
| 27 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 28 have | cc |
| 28 | have | have | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 23 cats | conj |
| 29 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 31 bite | det |
| 30 | strongest | strong | ADJ | Degree=Sup | 31 bite | amod |
| 31 | bite | bite | NOUN | Number=Sing | 28 have | obj |
| 32 | for | for | ADP | _ | 34 size | case |
| 33 | their | their | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 34 size | nmod:poss |
| 34 | size | size | NOUN | Number=Sing | 31 bite | nmod |
| 35 | of | of | ADP | _ | 38 cat | case |
| 36 | any | any | DET | PronType=Ind | 38 cat | det |
| 37 | big | big | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 38 cat | amod |
| 38 | cat | cat | NOUN | Number=Sing | 34 size | nmod |
| 39 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 2 rest | punct |
Pragmatics
No stored speech act for this sentence.
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | rest | present | Jaguars | trees | vn spatial_configuration-47.6-1 «NP V NP.theme PP»: agent=Agent in tree=Location | ||||
| 2 | swim | present | Jaguars not said here | well property | vn run-51.3.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | ||||
| 3 | hunt | present | Jaguars not said here | capybaras and caimans and turtles and fish | vn hunt-35.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent capybara=Theme | ||||
| 4 | is a | present | trees = tree | the only big cats | the Americas | tree rules | |||
| 5 | have | present | trees = tree not said here | the strongest bite | for trees's size of any big cat | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent bite=Patient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:003-the-rainforest-from-below.lesson:6.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R3-conj-first ×1, R5-strong ×1, R8-pos-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/3-the-rainforest-from-below/6/