The rainforest from below: understorey and forest floor, sentence 7
Leafcutter ants do not eat the leaves they carry; they chew them into a mulch to grow a fungus garden, and the fungus feeds a colony that can hold several million ants.
Who acts: Leafcutter ants, ants, fungus, colony · What happens: not eat, carry, chew, grow, feed, hold · To what, where: leaves, trees, mulch, fungus garden, colony, million ants
This is a sentence of the lesson «The rainforest from below: understorey and forest floor» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Leafcutter ants, ants, fungus, colony), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Leafcutter | leafcutter | NOUN | _ | 2 ants | compound |
| 2 | ants | ant | NOUN | Number=Plur | 5 eat | nsubj |
| 3 | do | do | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 5 eat | aux |
| 4 | not | not | PART | Polarity=Neg | 5 eat | advmod |
| 5 | eat | eat | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | root | root |
| 6 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 7 leaves | det |
| 7 | leaves | leaf | NOUN | Number=Plur | 5 eat | obj |
| 8 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 9 carry | nsubj |
| 9 | carry | carry | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 7 leaves | acl:relcl |
| 10 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 12 chew | punct |
| 11 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 12 chew | nsubj |
| 12 | chew | chew | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 5 eat | parataxis |
| 13 | them | they | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 12 chew | obj |
| 14 | into | into | ADP | _ | 16 mulch | case |
| 15 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 16 mulch | det |
| 16 | mulch | mulch | NOUN | Number=Sing | 12 chew | obl |
| 17 | to | to | PART | _ | 18 grow | mark |
| 18 | grow | grow | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 12 chew | advcl |
| 19 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 21 garden | det |
| 20 | fungus | fungus | NOUN | Number=Sing | 21 garden | compound |
| 21 | garden | garden | NOUN | Number=Sing | 18 grow | obj |
| 22 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 26 feeds | punct |
| 23 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 26 feeds | cc |
| 24 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 25 fungus | det |
| 25 | fungus | fungus | NOUN | Number=Sing | 26 feeds | nsubj |
| 26 | feeds | feed | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 5 eat | conj |
| 27 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 28 colony | det |
| 28 | colony | colony | NOUN | Number=Sing | 26 feeds | obj |
| 29 | that | that | PRON | PronType=Rel | 31 hold | nsubj |
| 30 | can | can | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 31 hold | aux |
| 31 | hold | hold | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 28 colony | acl:relcl |
| 32 | several | several | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 33 million | amod |
| 33 | million | million | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 34 ants | nummod |
| 34 | ants | ant | NOUN | Number=Plur | 31 hold | obj |
| 35 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 5 eat | punct |
Pragmatics
No stored speech act for this sentence.
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | not eat | present · do-support | Leafcutter ants | the leaves | vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent leaf=Patient | ||||
| 2 | carry | present | ants = ant | the leaves not said here | vn carry-11.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent leaf=Theme | ||||
| 3 | chew | present | ants = ant | trees = tree | a mulch | vn chew-39.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent they=Patient | |||
| 4 | grow | to-infinitive | ants = ant not said here | a fungus garden | vn appear-48.1.1 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location garden=Theme | ||||
| 5 | feed | present | the fungus | a colony | vn feeding-39.7 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent colony=Recipient | ||||
| 6 | hold | can | a colony | million ants | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent ant=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:003-the-rainforest-from-below.lesson:7.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/3-the-rainforest-from-below/7/