The rainforest from below: understorey and forest floor, sentence 8

Poison dart frogs warn predators with bright colours, and their poison comes mainly from the ants and mites they eat, so zoo-raised frogs fed on fruit flies are not poisonous.

Who acts: Poison dart frogs, poison, ants, raised frogs · What happens: warn, come, eat, raise, feed, not be · To what, where: predators, ants, raised frogs

This is a sentence of the lesson «The rainforest from below: understorey and forest floor» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Poison dart frogs, poison, ants, raised frogs), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Poison	poison	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 frogs	compound
2	dart	dart	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 frogs	compound
3	frogs	frog	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 warn	nsubj
4	warn	warn	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
5	predators	predator	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 warn	obj
6	with	with	ADP	_	8 colours	case
7	bright	bright	ADJ	Degree=Pos	8 colours	amod
8	colours	colour	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 warn	obl
9	,	,	PUNCT	_	13 comes	punct
10	and	and	CCONJ	_	13 comes	cc
11	their	their	PRON	Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	12 poison	nmod:poss
12	poison	poison	NOUN	Number=Sing	13 comes	nsubj
13	comes	come	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 warn	conj
14	mainly	mainly	ADV	_	17 ants	advmod
15	from	from	ADP	_	17 ants	case
16	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	17 ants	det
17	ants	ant	NOUN	Number=Plur	13 comes	obl
18	and	and	CCONJ	_	19 mites	cc
19	mites	mite	NOUN	Number=Plur	17 ants	conj
20	they	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	21 eat	nsubj
21	eat	eat	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	17 ants	acl:relcl
22	,	,	PUNCT	_	34 poisonous	punct
23	so	so	ADV	_	34 poisonous	advmod
24	zoo	zoo	NOUN	Number=Sing	26 raised	compound
25	-	-	PUNCT	_	24 zoo	punct
26	raised	raise	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	27 frogs	amod
27	frogs	frog	NOUN	Number=Plur	34 poisonous	nsubj
28	fed	feed	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	27 frogs	acl
29	on	on	ADP	_	31 flies	case
30	fruit	fruit	NOUN	Number=Sing	31 flies	compound
31	flies	fly	NOUN	Number=Plur	28 fed	obl
32	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	34 poisonous	cop
33	not	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	34 poisonous	advmod
34	poisonous	poisonous	ADJ	Degree=Pos	4 warn	conj
35	.	.	PUNCT	_	4 warn	punct

Pragmatics

No stored speech act for this sentence.

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	other	roles by
1	warn speech: warn	present	Poison dart frogs	predators		with bright colours	vn advise-37.9-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent predator=Recipient
2	come	present	frogs's poison		the ants and mites		vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial_location»: agent=Theme from ant=Initial_Location
3	eat	present	ants = ant	the ants and mites not said here			vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent ant=Patient
4	raise	participle					vn put_direction-9.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent
5	feed	participle		raised frogs not said here		on fruit flies	vn gorge-39.6 «NP V PP.patient»: agent=Agent on fly=Patient
6	not is	present	raised frogs			poisonous property	tree rules

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:003-the-rainforest-from-below.lesson:8.

The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): no change. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the release 0.4.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/3-the-rainforest-from-below/8/