Snakes and lizards, sentence 0
Snakes and lizards are reptiles with dry scaly skin; a lizard usually has four legs, while a snake has none and slides by pushing the sides of its body against bumps on the ground, its belly scales gripping like the tread on a trainer.
Who acts: Snakes, lizard, snake, belly scales · What happens: be, have, slide, push, grip · To what, where: reptiles, four legs, none, sides, bumps
This is a sentence of the lesson «Snakes and lizards» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Snakes, lizard, snake, belly scales), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Snakes | snake | NOUN | Number=Plur | 5 reptiles | nsubj |
| 2 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 3 lizards | cc |
| 3 | lizards | lizard | NOUN | Number=Plur | 1 Snakes | conj |
| 4 | are | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 5 reptiles | cop |
| 5 | reptiles | reptile | NOUN | Number=Plur | root | root |
| 6 | with | with | ADP | _ | 9 skin | case |
| 7 | dry | dry | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 9 skin | amod |
| 8 | scaly | scaly | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 9 skin | amod |
| 9 | skin | skin | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 reptiles | nmod |
| 10 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 14 has | punct |
| 11 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 12 lizard | det |
| 12 | lizard | lizard | NOUN | Number=Sing | 14 has | nsubj |
| 13 | usually | usually | ADV | _ | 14 has | advmod |
| 14 | has | have | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 5 reptiles | parataxis |
| 15 | four | four | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 16 legs | nummod |
| 16 | legs | leg | NOUN | Number=Plur | 14 has | obj |
| 17 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 21 has | punct |
| 18 | while | while | SCONJ | _ | 21 has | mark |
| 19 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 20 snake | det |
| 20 | snake | snake | NOUN | Number=Sing | 21 has | nsubj |
| 21 | has | have | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 14 has | advcl |
| 22 | none | none | PRON | PronType=Neg | 21 has | obj |
| 23 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 24 slides | cc |
| 24 | slides | slide | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 21 has | conj |
| 25 | by | by | SCONJ | _ | 26 pushing | mark |
| 26 | pushing | push | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 24 slides | advcl |
| 27 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 28 sides | det |
| 28 | sides | side | NOUN | Number=Plur | 26 pushing | obj |
| 29 | of | of | ADP | _ | 31 body | case |
| 30 | its | its | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 31 body | nmod:poss |
| 31 | body | body | NOUN | Number=Sing | 28 sides | nmod |
| 32 | against | against | ADP | _ | 33 bumps | case |
| 33 | bumps | bump | NOUN | Number=Plur | 26 pushing | obl |
| 34 | on | on | ADP | _ | 36 ground | case |
| 35 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 36 ground | det |
| 36 | ground | ground | NOUN | Number=Sing | 33 bumps | nmod |
| 37 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 40 scales | punct |
| 38 | its | its | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 40 scales | nmod:poss |
| 39 | belly | belly | NOUN | Number=Sing | 40 scales | compound |
| 40 | scales | scale | NOUN | Number=Plur | 41 gripping | nsubj |
| 41 | gripping | grip | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 26 pushing | advcl |
| 42 | like | like | ADP | _ | 44 tread | case |
| 43 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 44 tread | det |
| 44 | tread | tread | NOUN | Number=Sing | 41 gripping | obl |
| 45 | on | on | ADP | _ | 47 trainer | case |
| 46 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 47 trainer | det |
| 47 | trainer | trainer | NOUN | Number=Sing | 44 tread | nmod |
| 48 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 5 reptiles | punct |
Pragmatics
No stored speech act for this sentence.
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is a | present | Snakes and lizards | reptiles | with dry scaly skin | tree rules | |||
| 2 | have | present | a lizard | four legs | usually property | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent leg=Patient | |||
| 3 | have | present | a snake | none | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent none=Patient | ||||
| 4 | slide | present | a snake not said here | vn run-51.3.2-2 «NP V»: agent=Theme | |||||
| 5 | push | gerund | a snake not said here | the sides of skin's body | bumps on the ground | vn funnel-9.3-1-1 «NP V NP PP.trajectory»: agent=Agent side=Theme against bump=Trajectory | |||
| 6 | grip | gerund | ground's belly scales | like the tread on a trainer | vn touch-20-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:030-snakes-and-lizards.lesson:0.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×3. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/30-snakes-and-lizards/0/