Snakes and lizards, sentence 1
A snake smells with its tongue: it flicks the forked tongue out, catches scent particles and carries them to a special organ in the roof of its mouth, and the two tips tell it which side the smell is stronger on.
Who acts: snake, tread, two tips, smell · What happens: smell, flick out, fork, catch, carry, tell · To what, where: forked tongue, scent particles, Snakes, special organ, side, tread · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of the lesson «Snakes and lizards» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (snake, tread, two tips, smell), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | A | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 2 snake | det |
| 2 | snake | snake | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 smells | nsubj |
| 3 | smells | smell | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 4 | with | with | ADP | _ | 6 tongue | case |
| 5 | its | its | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 6 tongue | nmod:poss |
| 6 | tongue | tongue | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 smells | obl |
| 7 | : | : | PUNCT | _ | 9 flicks | punct |
| 8 | it | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 9 flicks | nsubj |
| 9 | flicks | flick | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 3 smells | parataxis |
| 10 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 12 tongue | det |
| 11 | forked | fork | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 12 tongue | amod |
| 12 | tongue | tongue | NOUN | Number=Sing | 9 flicks | obj |
| 13 | out | out | ADP | _ | 9 flicks | compound:prt |
| 14 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 15 catches | punct |
| 15 | catches | catch | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 9 flicks | conj |
| 16 | scent | scent | NOUN | Number=Sing | 17 particles | compound |
| 17 | particles | particle | NOUN | Number=Plur | 15 catches | obj |
| 18 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 19 carries | cc |
| 19 | carries | carry | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 9 flicks | conj |
| 20 | them | they | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 19 carries | obj |
| 21 | to | to | ADP | _ | 24 organ | case |
| 22 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 24 organ | det |
| 23 | special | special | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 24 organ | amod |
| 24 | organ | organ | NOUN | Number=Sing | 19 carries | obl |
| 25 | in | in | ADP | _ | 27 roof | case |
| 26 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 27 roof | det |
| 27 | roof | roof | NOUN | Number=Sing | 24 organ | nmod |
| 28 | of | of | ADP | _ | 30 mouth | case |
| 29 | its | its | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 30 mouth | nmod:poss |
| 30 | mouth | mouth | NOUN | Number=Sing | 27 roof | nmod |
| 31 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 36 tell | punct |
| 32 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 36 tell | cc |
| 33 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 35 tips | det |
| 34 | two | two | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 35 tips | nummod |
| 35 | tips | tip | NOUN | Number=Plur | 36 tell | nsubj |
| 36 | tell | tell | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 3 smells | conj |
| 37 | it | it | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 36 tell | iobj |
| 38 | which | which | DET | PronType=Rel | 39 side | det |
| 39 | side | side | NOUN | Number=Sing | 36 tell | obj |
| 40 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 41 smell | det |
| 41 | smell | smell | NOUN | Number=Sing | 43 stronger | nsubj |
| 42 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 43 stronger | cop |
| 43 | stronger | strong | ADJ | Degree=Cmp | 39 side | acl:relcl |
| 44 | on | on | ADV | _ | 43 stronger | advmod |
| 45 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 smells | punct |
Pragmatics
No stored speech act for this sentence.
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | smell | present | a snake | with tread's tongue | vn smell_emission-43.3 «NP.location V»: agent=Location | ||||
| 2 | flick out | present | tread | the forked tongue | vn throw-17.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent tongue=Theme | ||||
| 3 | fork | participle | vn pocket-9.10 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent | ||||||
| 4 | catch | present | tread not said here | scent particles | vn get-13.5.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent particle=Theme | ||||
| 5 | carry | present | tread not said here | Snakes = snake | a special organ in the roof of tread's mouth | vn carry-11.4 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent they=Theme to organ=Destination | |||
| 6 | tell speech: assert | present | the two tips | which side | tread | vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP-Dative NP»: agent=Agent it=Recipient side=Topic | |||
| 7 | is | present | the smell | which side not said here | strong property | tree rules |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:030-snakes-and-lizards.lesson:1.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R3-conj-first ×1, R6-punct-agree ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1, R8-pos-agree ×2. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/30-snakes-and-lizards/1/