Snakes and lizards, sentence 2
It can swallow an egg bigger than its own head because its two lower jaw halves are joined by stretchy tissue, not because it «unhinges» its jaw, and it grows by shedding its whole skin, inside out like a sock pulled off.
Who acts: smell, stretchy tissue · What happens: swallow, join, not unhinge, grow, shed, pull off · To what, where: egg, two lower jaw halves, jaw, whole skin, sock
This is a sentence of the lesson «Snakes and lizards» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (smell, stretchy tissue), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | It | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 3 swallow | nsubj |
| 2 | can | can | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 3 swallow | aux |
| 3 | swallow | swallow | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | root | root |
| 4 | an | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 5 egg | det |
| 5 | egg | egg | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 swallow | obj |
| 6 | bigger | big | ADJ | Degree=Cmp | 5 egg | amod |
| 7 | than | than | ADP | _ | 10 head | case |
| 8 | its | its | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 10 head | nmod:poss |
| 9 | own | own | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 10 head | amod |
| 10 | head | head | NOUN | Number=Sing | 6 bigger | obl |
| 11 | because | because | SCONJ | _ | 18 joined | mark |
| 12 | its | its | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 16 halves | nmod:poss |
| 13 | two | two | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 16 halves | nummod |
| 14 | lower | low | ADJ | Degree=Cmp | 16 halves | amod |
| 15 | jaw | jaw | NOUN | Number=Sing | 16 halves | compound |
| 16 | halves | half | NOUN | Number=Plur | 18 joined | nsubj |
| 17 | are | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 18 joined | aux:pass |
| 18 | joined | join | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 3 swallow | advcl |
| 19 | by | by | ADP | _ | 21 tissue | case |
| 20 | stretchy | stretchy | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 21 tissue | amod |
| 21 | tissue | tissue | NOUN | Number=Sing | 18 joined | obl |
| 22 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 26 « | punct |
| 23 | not | not | PART | Polarity=Neg | 27 unhinges | advmod |
| 24 | because | because | SCONJ | _ | 27 unhinges | mark |
| 25 | it | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 27 unhinges | nsubj |
| 26 | « | « | PUNCT | _ | 27 unhinges | punct |
| 27 | unhinges | unhinge | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 3 swallow | advcl |
| 28 | » | » | PUNCT | _ | 27 unhinges | punct |
| 29 | its | its | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 30 jaw | nmod:poss |
| 30 | jaw | jaw | NOUN | Number=Sing | 27 unhinges | obj |
| 31 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 34 grows | punct |
| 32 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 34 grows | cc |
| 33 | it | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 34 grows | nsubj |
| 34 | grows | grow | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 3 swallow | conj |
| 35 | by | by | SCONJ | _ | 36 shedding | mark |
| 36 | shedding | shed | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 34 grows | advcl |
| 37 | its | its | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 39 skin | nmod:poss |
| 38 | whole | whole | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 39 skin | amod |
| 39 | skin | skin | NOUN | Number=Sing | 36 shedding | obj |
| 40 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 42 out | punct |
| 41 | inside | inside | ADV | _ | 42 out | advmod |
| 42 | out | out | ADV | _ | 36 shedding | advmod |
| 43 | like | like | ADP | _ | 45 sock | case |
| 44 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 45 sock | det |
| 45 | sock | sock | NOUN | Number=Sing | 42 out | obl |
| 46 | pulled | pull | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 45 sock | acl |
| 47 | off | off | ADP | _ | 46 pulled | compound:prt |
| 48 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 swallow | punct |
Pragmatics
- form
- statement
- act
- assert
- voice
- narrator
- polarity
- none
- teacher
- kept the draft
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | swallow | can | smell | a egg | vn gobble-39.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent egg=Patient | ||||
| 2 | join | present · passive | stretchy tissue | smell's two lower jaw halves | vn mix-22.1-2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent subject=Patient | ||||
| 3 | not unhinge in a quote | present | smell | smell's jaw | vn disassemble-23.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent jaw=Patient | ||||
| 4 | grow | present | smell | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | |||||
| 5 | shed | gerund | smell not said here | smell's whole skin | out property | vn substance_emission-43.4-1 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location skin=Source | |||
| 6 | pull off | participle | a sock not said here | vn complete-55.2 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:030-snakes-and-lizards.lesson:2.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): no change. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/30-snakes-and-lizards/2/