The big biology quiz, part 3: dinosaurs, evolution, conservation and food, sentence 13
Giraffes with slightly longer necks reached more food and won more fights, so they had more young, and over many generations necks grew longer; this is natural selection, and stretching your neck does not change what you pass on.
Who acts: longer necks, fights, necks, this, stretching, you · What happens: reach, win, have, grow, be, stretch · To what, where: more food, more fights, more, many generations, natural selection, neck
This is a sentence of the lesson «The big biology quiz, part 3: dinosaurs, evolution, conservation and food» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (longer necks, fights, necks, this), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Giraffes | giraffe | NOUN | Number=Plur | root | root |
| 2 | with | with | ADP | _ | 5 necks | case |
| 3 | slightly | slightly | ADV | _ | 4 longer | advmod |
| 4 | longer | long | ADJ | Degree=Cmp | 5 necks | amod |
| 5 | necks | neck | NOUN | Number=Plur | 1 Giraffes | nmod |
| 6 | reached | reach | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 5 necks | acl |
| 7 | more | more | ADJ | Degree=Cmp | 8 food | amod |
| 8 | food | food | NOUN | Number=Sing | 6 reached | obj |
| 9 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 10 won | cc |
| 10 | won | win | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 6 reached | conj |
| 11 | more | more | ADJ | Degree=Cmp | 12 fights | amod |
| 12 | fights | fight | NOUN | Number=Plur | 10 won | obj |
| 13 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 16 had | punct |
| 14 | so | so | ADV | _ | 16 had | advmod |
| 15 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 16 had | nsubj |
| 16 | had | have | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 1 Giraffes | conj |
| 17 | more | more | ADJ | Degree=Cmp | 16 had | obj |
| 18 | young | young | NOUN | Number=Plur | 17 more | nmod |
| 19 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 25 grew | punct |
| 20 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 25 grew | cc |
| 21 | over | over | ADV | _ | 22 many | advmod |
| 22 | many | many | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 23 generations | amod |
| 23 | generations | generation | NOUN | Number=Plur | 25 grew | obl:unmarked |
| 24 | necks | neck | NOUN | Number=Plur | 25 grew | nsubj |
| 25 | grew | grow | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 1 Giraffes | conj |
| 26 | longer | long | ADV | Degree=Cmp | 25 grew | advmod |
| 27 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 31 selection | punct |
| 28 | this | this | PRON | Number=Sing PronType=Dem | 31 selection | nsubj |
| 29 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 31 selection | cop |
| 30 | natural | natural | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 31 selection | amod |
| 31 | selection | selection | NOUN | Number=Sing | 1 Giraffes | conj |
| 32 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 39 change | punct |
| 33 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 39 change | cc |
| 34 | stretching | stretch | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 39 change | csubj |
| 35 | your | your | PRON | Case=Gen Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 36 neck | nmod:poss |
| 36 | neck | neck | NOUN | Number=Sing | 34 stretching | obj |
| 37 | does | do | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 39 change | aux |
| 38 | not | not | PART | Polarity=Neg | 39 change | advmod |
| 39 | change | change | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 31 selection | conj |
| 40 | what | what | PRON | PronType=Int | 42 pass | obj |
| 41 | you | you | PRON | Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs | 42 pass | nsubj |
| 42 | pass | pass | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 39 change | ccomp |
| 43 | on | on | ADP | _ | 42 pass | compound:prt |
| 44 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 1 Giraffes | punct |
Pragmatics
No stored speech act for this sentence.
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | reach | participle | longer necks not said here | more food | vn body_motion-49.2-1-1 «NP V NP ADV»: agent=Agent food=Theme | ||||
| 2 | win | past | longer necks not said here | more fights | vn succeed-74-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent fight=Eventuality | ||||
| 3 | have | past | fights = fight | more young | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent more=Patient | ||||
| 4 | grow | past | necks | many generations | long property | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | |||
| 5 | is a | present | this | natural selection | tree rules | ||||
| 6 | stretch | gerund | your neck | vn bend-45.2 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent neck=Patient | |||||
| 7 | not change | present · do-support | stretching | tree rules | |||||
| 8 | pass on | present | you | vn send-11.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent what=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:300-the-big-biology-quiz-part-3-dinosaurs-evolution-conservation-and-food.lesson:13.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R2-punct-next ×1, R5-strong ×1, R6-punct-agree ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/300-the-big-biology-quiz-part-3-dinosaurs-evolution-conservation-and-food/13/