Parrots of the world: macaws, cockatoos, African greys, lorikeets and the cheeky kea, sentence 16

Parrots have two toes pointing forward and two back on each foot, so they can grip branches and hold food like a hand; many parrots prefer their left foot, studies report.

Who acts: Parrots, two toes, toes, many parrots, studies · What happens: have, point, grip, hold, prefer, report · To what, where: two toes, branches, food, left foot

This is a sentence of the lesson «Parrots of the world: macaws, cockatoos, African greys, lorikeets and the cheeky kea» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Parrots, two toes, toes, many parrots), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Parrots	parrot	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 have	nsubj
2	have	have	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	two	two	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	4 toes	nummod
4	toes	toe	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 have	obj
5	pointing	point	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	4 toes	acl
6	forward	forward	ADV	_	5 pointing	advmod
7	and	and	CCONJ	_	12 foot	cc
8	two	two	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	12 foot	nummod
9	back	back	ADV	_	12 foot	advmod
10	on	on	ADP	_	12 foot	case
11	each	each	DET	PronType=Tot	12 foot	det
12	foot	foot	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 toes	conj
13	,	,	PUNCT	_	17 grip	punct
14	so	so	ADV	_	17 grip	advmod
15	they	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	17 grip	nsubj
16	can	can	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	17 grip	aux
17	grip	grip	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	2 have	parataxis
18	branches	branch	NOUN	Number=Plur	17 grip	obj
19	and	and	CCONJ	_	20 hold	cc
20	hold	hold	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	17 grip	conj
21	food	food	NOUN	Number=Sing	20 hold	obj
22	like	like	ADP	_	24 hand	case
23	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	24 hand	det
24	hand	hand	NOUN	Number=Sing	20 hold	obl
25	;	;	PUNCT	_	28 prefer	punct
26	many	many	ADJ	Degree=Pos	27 parrots	amod
27	parrots	parrot	NOUN	Number=Plur	28 prefer	nsubj
28	prefer	prefer	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	2 have	conj
29	their	their	PRON	Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	31 foot	nmod:poss
30	left	left	ADJ	Degree=Pos	31 foot	amod
31	foot	foot	NOUN	Number=Sing	28 prefer	obj
32	,	,	PUNCT	_	34 report	punct
33	studies	study	NOUN	Number=Plur	34 report	nsubj
34	report	report	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	2 have	parataxis
35	.	.	PUNCT	_	2 have	punct

Pragmatics

No stored speech act for this sentence.

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	have	present	Parrots	two toes and each two foot		vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent toe=Patient
2	point	gerund	two toes and each two foot not said here		forward property	vn wink-40.3.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
3	grip	can	toes = toe	branches		vn touch-20-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent branch=Experiencer
4	hold	infinitive	toes = toe not said here	food	like a hand	vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent food=Theme
5	prefer	present	many parrots	toes's left foot		vn admire-31.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer foot=Stimulus
6	report	present	studies			vn characterize-29.2-1-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:biology:303-parrots-of-the-world-macaws-cockatoos-african-greys-lorikeets-and-the-cheeky-kea.lesson:16.

The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): no change. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the release 0.4.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/303-parrots-of-the-world-macaws-cockatoos-african-greys-lorikeets-and-the-cheeky-kea/16/